An object of the invention is to provide an electroporation method for treating vesicles with exogenous material for insertion of the exogenous material into the vesicles which includes the steps of: a. retaining a suspension of the vesicles and the exogenous material in a treatment volume in a chamber which includes electrodes, wherein the chamber has a geometric factor (cm.sup.−1) defined by the quotient of the electrode gap squared (cm.sup.2) divided by the chamber volume (cm.sup.3), wherein the geometric factor is less than or equal to 0.1 cm.sup.−1, wherein the suspension of the vesicles and the exogenous material is in a medium which is adjusted such that the medium has conductivity in a range spanning 50 microSiemens/cm to 500 microSiemens/cm, wherein the suspension is enclosed in the chamber during treatment, and b. treating the suspension enclosed in the chamber with one or more pulsed electric fields. With the method, the treatment volume of the suspension is scalable, and the time of treatment of the vesicles in the chamber is substantially uniform.

In example implementations, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a channel, a reagent chamber, a synthetic jet channel, and an energy source. The channel is to hold a cell. The reagent chamber is coupled to the channel and stores a reagent. The synthetic jet channel is coupled to the channel and the reagent chamber. The energy source is located in the synthetic jet channel to heat a liquid in the synthetic jet channel to create a synthetic jet that carries the reagent through towards the cell to inject the reagent into the cell.

An electroporation system may include a well plate, a dispenser and a dispenser-well positioning system. The well plate may include wells, each of the wells including an interior, a first electrode adjacent the interior and a second electrode adjacent the interior and spaced from the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are to apply an electrostatic field across the well. The dispenser is to dispense a cell having a diameter into each of the wells. The dispenser-well positioning system is to align each well and the dispenser such that the dispenser dispenses the cell into each well at a location spaced from the first electrode and the second electrode by a distance of at least 5 times the diameter of the cell.

The invention provides a solution to the problem of transfecting non-adherent cells. Devices and delivery compositions containing ethanol and an isotonic salt solution are used for delivery of compounds and compositions to non-adherent cells.

An electroporation system may include a well plate, a dispenser and a dispenser-well positioning system. The well plate may include wells, each of the wells including an interior, a first electrode adjacent the interior and a second electrode adjacent the interior and spaced from the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are to apply an electrostatic field across the well. The dispenser is to dispense a cell having a diameter into each of the wells. The dispenser-well positioning system is to align each well and the dispenser such that the dispenser dispenses the cell into each well at a location spaced from the first electrode and the second electrode by a distance of at least 5 times the diameter of the cell.

The cell structure fixing and removing system includes: an alignment base made of a silicone resin, the alignment base including a flat sticking surface to which needles with skewed cell aggregates are to be stuck; and a cell structure removing tool placed on the sticking surface between the alignment base and the cell aggregate, the cell structure removing tool including: a frame extending to correspond to an outline of the sticking surface, the frame including a puncture opening in middle, a bottom surface of the frame forming an alignment surface parallel to the sticking surface; and a porous sheet stretched and arranged on the alignment surface to close the puncture opening of the frame, the porous sheet allowing penetration by the needle, wherein an outline edge of the puncture opening in the alignment surface of the frame of the cell structure removing tool is located in the outline of the sticking surface.

An electroporation system may include a well plate, a dispenser and a dispenser-well positioning system. The well plate may include wells, each of the wells including an interior, a first electrode adjacent the interior and a second electrode adjacent the interior and spaced from the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are to apply an electrostatic field across the well. The dispenser is to dispense a cell having a diameter into each of the wells. The dispenser-well positioning system is to align each well and the dispenser such that the dispenser dispenses the cell into each well at a location spaced from the first electrode and the second electrode by a distance of at least 5 times the diameter of the cell.

The invention provides a solution to the problem of transfecting non-adherent cells. Devices and delivery compositions containing ethanol and an isotonic salt solution are used for delivery of compounds and compositions to non-adherent cells.

The invention provides a solution to the problem of transfecting non-adherent cells. Devices and delivery compositions containing ethanol and an isotonic salt solution are used for delivery of compounds and compositions to non-adherent cells.

The invention provides a solution to the problem of transfecting non-adherent cells. Devices and delivery compositions containing ethanol and an isotonic salt solution are used for delivery of compounds and compositions to non-adherent cells.