Disclosed is an in vitro exposure system that may radiate a uniform field having a constant wavefront to an experimental cell container and expose each cell container to a same electromagnetic field.

An inclined reactor of bottom gas-inlet type for aerobic fermentation and a method for aerobic fermentation are provided, a fermenter is provided with a circular inner tank, end covers and a jacket; an airtight fermentation space is formed in the fermenter by the inner tank, an upper end cover and a lower end cover; a feed opening and an exhaust outlet are arranged at an upper part of the fermenter, and a discharge opening is arranged at a lower part of the lower end cover of the fermenter; a length of the fermenter is greater than or equal to a diameter of the fermenter, the fermenter is fixed on a base having a height difference and is hence in an inclined state; an energy-saving stirrer is mounted in the fermenter, and the energy-saving stirrer is formed by connecting several groups of tangential plates or a spiral combination of tangential plates, a radial rod, a stirring rod and a stirring shaft; several groups of air chambers are arranged at an external wall at the bottom of the inner tank of the fermenter, the air chambers are arranged inside the jacket, several aeration nozzles are defined on an inner side of each air chamber, and the aeration nozzles are close to the inner tank.

Provided is a method for facilitating an aerobic fermentation reaction using combustion waste gas, wherein organic waste in a reactor is heated using waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion to facilitate the fermentation reaction, some of the chemical substances in the waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion are absorbed by the organic waste in the reactor, and an environmental friendly treatment is performed on the waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion. The specific practices comprise: connecting a gas outlet of a combustion device to a conveying pipe, and then connecting the conveying pipe to a gas inlet of the reactor or an air chamber aeration nozzle at a lower part of the reactor. Not only the equipment and cost for combustion waste gas treatments are saved, but also the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the organic waste is improved, which reduces the fermentation time. Not only the combustion waste gas is treated for environmental protection, but also the environmental friendly treatments of organic refuse waste are facilitated; and thus the method is an energy saving and environmental friendly technique.

An extra-capillary fluid cycling unit for maintaining and cycling fluid volumes in a cell culture chamber includes a housing and a first flexible reservoir extra-capillary fluid reservoir disposed in the housing. The extra-capillary fluid reservoir is in fluid communication with a cell culture chamber. A second flexible reservoir is also located in the housing, the second flexible reservoir being in fluid communication with a pressure source. A sensor plate is movably disposed in the housing between the extra-capillary reservoir and the second reservoir, wherein the second reservoir is pressurized to move the sensor plate in relation to the extra-capillary reservoir to cause fluid cycling and maintain fluid volumes in the cell growth chamber.

A culturing device is equipped with an accommodation unit, and a convection generating unit provided in the accommodation unit. In the accommodation unit, microalgae are cultured while the convection generating unit generates convection in the culturing solution in the accommodation unit. During the culturing, a portion of the culturing solution is drawn in through collection pipes by the pump. Thereafter, the culturing solution that was drawn in is discharged from the collection pipes into the culturing solution inside the accommodation unit.

Provided is a method for facilitating an aerobic fermentation reaction using combustion waste gas, wherein organic waste in a reactor is heated using waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion to facilitate the fermentation reaction, some of the chemical substances in the waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion are absorbed by the organic waste in the reactor, and an environmental friendly treatment is performed on the waste gas with heat produced from fuel combustion. The specific practices comprise: connecting a gas outlet of a combustion device to a conveying pipe, and then connecting the conveying pipe to a gas inlet of the reactor or an air chamber aeration nozzle at a lower part of the reactor. Not only the equipment and cost for combustion waste gas treatments are saved, but also the aerobic fermentation efficiency of the organic waste is improved, which reduces the fermentation time. Not only the combustion waste gas is treated for environmental protection, but also the environmental friendly treatments of organic refuse waste are facilitated; and thus the method is an energy saving and environmental friendly technique.

Provided are a cell culture apparatus and a cell culture method which are capable of improving a temperature rising rate of a temperature rising target and enhancing a temperature uniformity of the temperature rising target. The cell culture apparatus includes: a heat transfer medium having a recess part or a plurality of hole parts in a contact surface with a culture vessel for containing a cell suspension; and an air supply port which communicates with the recess part or each of the plurality of hole parts and to which a gas is supplied.

Reactor for processing biomass, e.g. into biochar or bio cokes, with a reactor enclosure (2) having a transport unit (5). In a first reactor section (6) first gas injectors (11) are positioned below the transport unit (5), and first oxidant injectors (12) are positioned above transport unit (5). In a second reactor section (7) second gas injectors (13) are positioned below the transport unit (5), and second oxidant injectors (14) are positioned above the transport unit (5). In a the third reactor section (8) third gas injectors (15) are provided below the transport unit (5). The first, second and third gas injectors (11, 13, 15) are further arranged to output a first, second, and third gas, respectively, each having a low oxygen content, and the first and second oxidant injectors (12, 14) are arranged to output an oxidizing gas only for providing radiation heat energy, using a control unit (20).

A system includes an algae bioreactor that contains an algae slurry, a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the algae bioreactor to receive the algae slurry from the algae bioreactor and heat and increase a pressure of the algae slurry, and one or more valves and a flash vessel in fluid communication with a discharge of the heat exchanger to flash the algae slurry and create steam and algae biomass. A separator receives the algae biomass from the flash vessel and separates oils from the algae biomass to generate a biofuel.

The present application provides a reactor with an inclined bottom gas-inlet for aerobic fermentation. A fermenter is provided with a circular inner tank, end covers and a jacket. An airtight fermentation space is formed in the fermenter by the inner tank, an upper end cover and a lower end cover. A feed opening and an exhaust outlet are arranged at an upper part of the fermenter, and a discharge opening is arranged at a lower part of the lower end cover of the fermenter. An energy-saving stirrer is mounted in the fermenter. A plurality of air chambers are arranged at an external wall at the bottom of the inner tank of the fermenter and are within the jacket. A plurality of aeration nozzles are defined on an inner side of each air chamber, and the aeration nozzles are disposed next to the inner tank.