A system, comprising a Trickle Bed Reactor (TBR), a microalgae cultivation module, and a feedback module is used to sustainably boost CO2 fixation for growing micro-algae. The TBR comprises a packing material in the form of non-porous particles with a high surface-to-volume ratio, forming a substrate for attachment of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) producing microbes, fed with CO2 (and/or CO), H2, nutrients, and a moistening liquid. The TBR output is fed to the microalgae cultivation module which uses micro-algae selected or adapted for increased productivity in the presence of VFAs. No CO2 needs to be fed to the microalgae cultivation module. At least part of the output of the microalgae cultivation module is fed by the feedback module back to the TBR either as a source of nutrients or for as a means backflushing for unclogging or expulsing the packing material from the TBR for cleaning/disinfection. The overall CO2 balance of the system operation is negative.

The disclosure provides for the integration of a CO-consuming process, such as a gas fermentation process, with a CO.sub.2 to CO conversion system. The disclosure is capable of utilizing a CO.sub.2-comprising gaseous substrate generated by an industrial process and provides for one or more removal modules to remove at least one constituent from a CO.sub.2-comprising gaseous substrate prior to passage of the gaseous substrate to a CO.sub.2 to CO conversion system. The disclosure may further comprise one or more pressure modules, one or more CO.sub.2 concentration modules, one or more O.sub.2 separation modules, and/or a water electrolysis module. Carbon conversion efficiency is increased by recycling CO.sub.2 produced by a CO-consuming process to the CO.sub.2 to CO conversion process.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing carbon dioxide and air pollutants, and more particularly to a method of simultaneously reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants, in which an off-gas containing carbon dioxide, SOx, and NOx is passed through a sulfur-oxidizing microorganism reactor, thereby converting carbon dioxide present in the off-gas into biomass, SOx into sulfate ions, and NOx into amino-N.

A system comprising a collocated thermal plant, water source, CO.sub.2 source and biomass growth module is disclosed. A method of improving the environment by utilizing the system is disclosed.

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

Compositions and methods for a hybrid biological and chemical process that captures and converts carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon and/or CI carbon sources including but not limited to carbon monoxide, methane, methanol, formate, or formic acid, and/or mixtures containing CI chemicals including but not limited to various syngas compositions, into organic chemicals including biofuels or other valuable biomass, chemical, industrial, or pharmaceutical products are provided. The present invention, in certain embodiments, fixes inorganic carbon or CI carbon sources into longer carbon chain organic chemicals by utilizing microorganisms capable of performing the oxyhydrogen reaction and the autotrophic fixation of CO.sub.2 in one or more steps of the process.

A mobile emissions control system is provided for diesel engines operated on ocean-going ships at-berth. The emissions control system comprises two essential elements: an emissions capturing system and an emissions control system. The emissions control system may be mounted on a towable chassis or mounted on a barge, allowing it to be placed alongside ocean-going ships at-berth. The emission capturing system captures exhaust from a ship's diesel engine and conducts it into the emissions control system, which cleans the exhaust and then passes clean air into the atmosphere through an exhaust outlet.

The invention integrates electromethanogenesis, which uses electric energy to produce fuel, with a method to capture and recycle the carbon dioxide generated when the fuel is used to release energy.

System (100) and method for processing biomass. The system comprises a combined heat and power plant (102), an interface (114) for feeding biogas to a traffic fuel production unit, interfaces (114) to a district heating system (106a) and an electrical grid (106b), and a hydrolysis device (108), a digestion device (110), a dryer (116) and a heat recovery unit (112), which are operatively coupled for transferring heat, intermediate products and final products of the process, wherein raw biomass is received into the Fuel hydrolysis device (108), biomass processed by the hydrolysis device (108) is fed to the digestion device (110), biogas obtained in the digestion device (110) is fed to the traffic fuel production unit (104), heat is recovered from the hydrolysis device (108), biomass processed by the digestion device (110) is dried by the heat recovered from the hydrolysis device (108), heat is recovered from the dryer (116), heat recovered from the dryer (116) is fed to the hydrolysis device (108) to be used in pre-heating of the received raw biomass, heat recovered from the dryer (116) is fed to the district heating (106a), and production of electricity is fueled by the dried biomass from the dryer (116).

The present invention relates to a method for producing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combustion process, wherein the fuel combustion process comprises combusting fuel introduced into the fuel combustion process. Further, the invention relates to an apparatus for producing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combustion process.