The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that are useful for normalizing the amount of signal detected in an assay, such as an immunoassay. The compositions and methods are useful for improving the accuracy of immunoassays, such as immunoassays that detect whether a subject is infected with a retrovirus such as HIV.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods that are useful for normalizing the amount of signal detected in an assay, such as an immunoassay. The compositions and methods are useful for improving the accuracy of immunoassays, such as immunoassays that detect whether a subject is infected with a retrovirus such as HIV.

Disclosed in the present invention are an immobilized cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase and a preparation method and use thereof. The cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase is immobilized on a carrier; the cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase is derived from natural or artificial mutants or variants thereof, or can be obtained by introducing a foreign cyclic acyltransferase gene and transforming thereafter; the material of the carrier is selected from an inorganic carrier or a polypropylene resin carrier. Also disclosed in the present invention are the preparation method for the immobilized cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase and uses thereof.

Disclosed in the present invention are an immobilized cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase and a preparation method and use thereof. The cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase is immobilized on a carrier; the cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase is derived from natural or artificial mutants or variants thereof, or can be obtained by introducing a foreign cyclic acyltransferase gene and transforming thereafter; the material of the carrier is selected from an inorganic carrier or a polypropylene resin carrier. Also disclosed in the present invention are the preparation method for the immobilized cycloaliphatic peptide acyltransferase and uses thereof.

The present invention provides a method, wherein the method forms a biofilm, wherein the biofilm comprises a population of at least one bacterial strain attached to particles, wherein the biofilm is configured to colonize a gut of a subject in need thereof for at least five days, when ingested by the subject, the method comprising: a. obtaining a population comprising at least one strain of bacteria; b. inoculating a growth medium containing particles with the population comprising at least one strain of bacteria; c. incubating the particles with the population comprising at least one bacterial strain for a time sufficient for the population of at least one strain of bacteria to attach to the particles; and d. culturing the population comprising at least one strain of bacteria attached to the particles in a growth medium, for a time sufficient to form a biofilm.

The present invention provides a method, wherein the method forms a biofilm, wherein the biofilm comprises a population of at least one bacterial strain attached to particles, wherein the biofilm is configured to colonize a gut of a subject in need thereof for at least five days, when ingested by the subject, the method comprising: a. obtaining a population comprising at least one strain of bacteria; b. inoculating a growth medium containing particles with the population comprising at least one strain of bacteria; c. incubating the particles with the population comprising at least one bacterial strain for a time sufficient for the population of at least one strain of bacteria to attach to the particles; and d. culturing the population comprising at least one strain of bacteria attached to the particles in a growth medium, for a time sufficient to form a biofilm.

A composition and a method for culturing cells. The composition includes a plurality of buoyant hollow particles, the buoyant hollow particles comprising a siliceous surface; and a plurality of mammalian cells attached to the siliceous surface of the buoyant hollow particles; wherein the buoyant hollow particles are less dense than a media; and wherein the average seeding density is 3-50 adherent cells/buoyant hollow particle.

A composition and a method for culturing cells. The composition includes a plurality of buoyant hollow particles, the buoyant hollow particles comprising a siliceous surface; and a plurality of mammalian cells attached to the siliceous surface of the buoyant hollow particles; wherein the buoyant hollow particles are less dense than a media; and wherein the average seeding density is 3-50 adherent cells/buoyant hollow particle.

A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.