Embodiments of the disclosure encompass methods and compositions for producing engineered T cells. The disclosure concerns large-scale processes for producing T cells that may be engineered to have disruption of expression of one or more genes using CRISPR and also express at least one heterologous antigen receptor. Specific embodiments include particular parameters for the process. The T cells may or may not be viral-specific.

The present invention relates to a culture broth for culturing Gram-positive bacteria that can simultaneously culturing not only general Gram-positive bacteria but also Streptococcus pneumoniae. The present invention provides a culture broth for culturing Gram-positive bacteria, comprising a meat extract, casein hydrolysate, an antioxidant enzyme, a surfactant, starch, and a solidifying agent.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for biotechnological production of carboxylic acids, in which the acid-forming micro-organisms are cultured in an unsterile manner in a submerged phase containing waste water containing all carbon and nutrient medium components necessary for the production of the carboxylic acid, which method avoids the disadvantages of known methods and enables high product concentrations and productivity while at the same time the resources of water and power are being conserved. This aim is achieved, according to the invention, in that micro-organisms are used that are cultured under unsterile conditions in a culture medium containing waste water with the addition of carbon-rich compounds.

A bacteriophage structure, a method of making the structure, and uses of the structure are described. The structure is a substrate with a surface having an ordered arrangement of parallel microridges thereon. Each microridge is composed of a plurality of nanoridges and has a longitudinal axis. Each nanoridge contains a bundle of phage nano fibers having longitudinal axes. The phage nanofibers in each nanoridge bundle are arranged in a substantially smectic alignment. The longitudinal axis of each microridge is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the phage nanofibers which make up the nanoridges of the microridge. The structure may be used as a growth surface for inducing differentiation of stem cells such as neural progenitor cells.

A conditioned medium of CD11b.sup.low macrophages and methods for preparing it are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the CD11b.sup.low macrophages conditioned medium or a culture of CD11b.sup.low macrophages and their use in the treatment of cancer or fibrosis are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to a subfractionation culturing method of a stem cell and proliferation method of a monoclonal stem cell obtained using the same. According to the subfractionation culturing method of stem cells and the proliferation thereof of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it is advantage that monoclonal stem cells may be quickly obtained without contamination, and desired monoclonal stem cells may be largely obtained in a short time through the rapid proliferation, thereby being used for the preparation of stem cell-therapeutic agents.

A bacteriophage structure, a method of making the structure, and uses of the structure are described. The structure is a substrate with a surface having an ordered arrangement of parallel microridges thereon. Each microridge is composed of a plurality of nanoridges and has a longitudinal axis. Each nanoridge contains a bundle of phage nano fibers having longitudinal axes. The phage nanofibers in each nanoridge bundle are arranged in a substantially smectic alignment. The longitudinal axis of each microridge is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the phage nanofibers which make up the nanoridges of the microridge. The structure may be used as a growth surface for inducing differentiation of stem cells such as neural progenitor cells.

An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for precisely arranging nerve cells on a substrate while suppressing the migration of nerve cells.

A manufacturing method for a substrate on which nerve cells are arranged is provided, the method including a step of arranging, on a substrate, a plurality of liquid droplets containing nerve cells by an inkjet method to form one or a plurality of liquid pools, the substrate having a region in which a cell adhesive material is arranged and a region in which a cell non-adhesive material is arranged; and a step of incubating the liquid pool until the nerve cells sediment and temporarily adhere onto the substrate to form a cell aggregate. The diameter per one liquid pool is 500 μm or less, and the density of nerve cells per one liquid pool is 10.sup.5 cells/cm.sup.2 or more.

The present invention provides a method of preparing biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics or cellular compartment, comprising the following steps: 1), acquire biological cells from natural tissues or natural biological species; 2), culture the cells obtained in step 1) massively in an appropriate environment; 3), acquire the lysates of cells in step 2), and extracting the biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics and cellular compartment through differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation or dual-phase extraction individually or a combination of two methods or a combination of three methods thereof. The membrane is a natural biomembrane, closed structure with biomembrane characteristics and cellular compartment, which can be used for package of active ingredients in various fields.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for biotechnological production of carboxylic acids, in which the acid-forming micro-organisms are cultured in an unsterile manner in a submerged phase containing waste water containing all carbon and nutrient medium components necessary for the production of the carboxylic acid, which method avoids the disadvantages of known methods and enables high product concentrations and productivity while at the same time the resources of water and power are being conserved. This aim is achieved, according to the invention, in that micro-organisms are used that are cultured under unsterile conditions in a culture medium containing waste water with the addition of carbon-rich compounds.