According to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for manufacturing pluripotent stem cells including introducing a reprogramming factor into cells and seeding the cells, into which the reprogramming factor is introduced, at a low concentration and culturing the cells.

Provided are a vesicle and the use thereof. The vesicle is an induced vesicle, and the sources thereof include stem cells or somatic cells, and the possessed markers include Syntaxin 4. Compared with an exosome in mesenchymal stem cells, the vesicle can specifically express Syntaxin 4 and can be used to distinguish characteristic markers of MSC-derived vesicles and exosomes. The vesicle can play a procoagulant effect in vitro, can improve the bleeding tendency of mice with hemophilia after in vivo injection, and can be used for the treatment of improving the bleeding tendency of hemophilia. In addition, the vesicle can be expelled through the skin and hair.

The disclosure relates to novel compositions comprising 1) conditioned media, 2) combinations of secreted biomolecules/organic molecules, and/or 3) secreted extracellular vesicles/exosomes collected from differentiated epithelial cell culture, as well as methods of making and using such compositions.

A method of qualifying whether a cell population is a suitable therapeutic for treating an eye condition is disclosed. The method comprises analyzing co-expression of premelanosome protein (PMEL17) and at least one polypeptide selected from the group consisting of cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP), lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and sex determining region Y-box 9 (SOX 9) in the population of cells.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a bio-ink by additive deposition, which comprises supplying: a first solution including between 5 and 40 wt. % gelatin; a second solution including between 15 and 35.wt. % alginate; a third solution including between 1 and 15 wt. % fibrinogen, and optionally living cells in suspension; and creating a mixture including: around 35 to 65 vol. % of the first solution; around 15 to 35 vol. % of the second solution; and around 15 to 35 vol. % of the third solution, said proportions being selected so that they add up to 100%. Said bio-ink allows the additive deposition of objects that can be polymerised by means of a solution including calcium ions and thrombin. Said objects can be incubated and can be used as a substitute for body tissue, for example (with added fibroblasts) as skin substitute.

The present disclosure relates to methods for modulating the level of proteins in a subject or in target cells by priming red blood cells with various agents or conditions that modulate the levels of proteins associated with red blood cells and administering the primed red blood cells to a subject. The disclosed methods represent a novel use of red blood cells primed to express a number of proteins, as cell therapies for numerous diseases or disorders.

An exemplary composition can be provided which includes an identified substance that induced cell reprogramming. Cells can also be provided having pluripotency having high safety when applied to regenerative medicine, using the composition, and a production method therefor. A cell reprogramming-inducing composition can include at least one 30S ribosome protein selected from the group consisting of 30S ribosome protein S2, 30S ribosome protein S8 and 30S ribosome protein S15 as a substance that reprograms cells derived from a mammalian animal is provided. Further, an exemplary production method for cells having pluripotency from somatic cells using the composition can be provided.

The present invention provides a product comprising plated human hepatocytes on a surface and at least some of the plated hepatocytes are in one or more hepatocyte clusters on feeder cells, which are attached to the surface. A method of preparing plated human hepatocytes is also provided. The preparation method comprises applying human hepatocytes to a surface in the presence of feeder cells, co-culturing the applied hepatocytes with the feeder cells, and forming one or more hepatocyte clusters by the co-cultured hepatocytes on the feeder cells, which are attached to the surface. The plated hepatocytes may be used for various purposes, including the preparation of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected hepatocyte culture model and drug testing.

Disclosed are bioprinted, three-dimensional, biological skin tissues comprising: a dermal layer comprising dermal fibroblasts; and an epidermal layer comprising keratinocytes, the epidermal layer in contact with the dermal layer to form the three-dimensional, engineered, biological skin tissue. Also disclosed are arrays of engineered skin tissues and methods of making engineered skin tissues.

In certain example embodiments, the invention provides a method of generating an ex vivo cell-based system comprising dissociating an original tissue sample obtained from a subject into a single cell population; determining an in vivo phenotype of the tissue sample by conducting single-cell RNA analysis on a first portion of the single cells; establishing an ex vivo cell-based system from a second portion of the single cells; and culturing the ex vivo cell-based system in a medium or conditions selected to maintain the in vivo phenotype. In some embodiments, the original tissue sample is a tumor tissue sample, such as a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor sample.