A method for promoting replication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses using cold atmospheric plasma, including: irradiating a medium for Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells with a cold atmospheric plasma generator; adding the irradiated medium to the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells; and adding infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses for incubation. The time required for treatment is 2 min allowing for a simple and rapid operation. The plasma is used for the indirect treatment of cells with a uniform process and a controllable intensity. The replication of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses in the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells is significantly promoted by co-incubation in the treated DMEM for 1 hour, so that the high levels of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses obtained can be used for vaccine production after inactivation, improving the vaccine production efficiency.

The present invention provides a method for producing a virus and a harvesting solution composition. The method includes culturing cells, wherein the cells have been inoculated with viruses or have been transfected with viral packaging elements; and contacting the cultured cells with a harvesting solution composition to harvest the viruses by one-step, wherein the harvesting solution composition comprises a trypsin, a pH buffer and optionally a nuclease, and the pH of the harvesting solution composition is greater than 7.5 and no more than 10.5. The virus production method of the present invention has advantages of simple operation, easy scale-up, stable yield and so on, and the yield is unexpectedly and significantly improved compared to the prior art, and it can ensure the integrity of the viral particles without damaging the biological activity of the viruses. Therefore, it is very suitable for large-scale production of viruses.

A method is provided to improve virus production is an infected host cell by culturing the infected cell in an effective amount of alpha-ketoglutarate.

A method for production of a Varicella Zoster Virus surface protein antigen is disclosed. The method for production of a Varicella Zoster Virus surface protein antigen is an effective production method capable of obtaining the Varicella Zoster Virus surface protein antigen in high yield and high purity. Therefore, the method is useful for production of the Varicella Zoster Virus surface protein antigen for use as a vaccine composition for preventing or treating varicella or herpes zoster.

The present invention relates to a method to modify and/or to isolate exosomes and other naturally occurring plasma membrane derived microvesicles, by incubation with a reactant, consisting of at least a membrane anchor domain or moiety and a hydrophilic functional domain or moiety. The invention also relates to modification using the same of artificially-prepared lipid bilayer vesicles called liposomes (composed of natural phospholipids) and non-biological or “synthetic” block copolymer membrane mimics which also form vesicles in aqueous solution called polymersomes.

A method of producing a virus like particle (VLP) in a plant, and compositions comprising VLPs, are provided. The method involves introducing a nucleic acid comprising a regulatory region active in the plant and operatively linked to a chimeric nucleotide sequence encoding, in series, an ectodomain from a virus trimeric surface protein or fragment thereof, fused to an influenza transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail, into the plant, or portion of the plant, the ectodomain is from a non-influenza virus trimeric surface protein and heterologous with respect to the influenza transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail. The plant or portion of the plant are incubated under conditions that permit the expression of the nucleic acid, thereby producing the VLP. A VLP produced by this method are also provided.

A method of producing a virus like particle (VLP) in a plant, and compositions comprising VLPs, are provided. The method involves introducing a nucleic acid comprising a regulatory region active in the plant and operatively linked to a chimeric nucleotide sequence encoding, in series, an ectodomain from a virus trimeric surface protein or fragment thereof, fused to an influenza transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail, into the plant, or portion of the plant, the ectodomain is from a non-influenza virus trimeric surface protein and heterologous with respect to the influenza transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail. The plant or portion of the plant are incubated under conditions that permit the expression of the nucleic acid, thereby producing the VLP. A VLP produced by this method are also provided.

Provided herein are, inter alia, compositions, systems, kits, and methods for culturing and expanding cells (such as T cells, diploid or non-diploid cells), as well as methods for treating disorders (e.g., with T cells), and methods for producing biological molecules and compositions (e.g., proteins, viruses, viral particles or fragments thereof, etc.), including vaccines.

Embodiments of the instantly claimed inventions include, but are not limited to, chimeric viral constructs, non-human primate models, in vivo screening systems for antiviral agents, gene therapy delivery systems, and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, chimeric viral constructs include a non-human primate infecting virus nucleic acid sequence and a exclusively human pathogenic virus nucleic acid sequence for use in creating a non-human primate model and uses thereof. In other embodiments, systems for testing antiviral agents are disclosed. In other embodiments, gene therapy delivery systems disclosed herein can be used to deliver a vector containing or associated with an agent to a human subject for treating conditions of the skin and neuronal ganglia in the subject.

A method for promoting replication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses using cold atmospheric plasma, including: irradiating a medium for Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells with a cold atmospheric plasma generator; adding the irradiated medium to the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells; and adding infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses for incubation. The time required for treatment is 2 min allowing for a simple and rapid operation. The plasma is used for the indirect treatment of cells with a uniform process and a controllable intensity. The replication of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses in the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells is significantly promoted by co-incubation in the treated DMEM for 1 hour, so that the high levels of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viruses obtained can be used for vaccine production after inactivation, improving the vaccine production efficiency.