A fabric top for a convertible vehicle includes, in sequence: an outer cover layer, an insulating layer, an absorber layer and an inner cover layer. The absorber layer at 500 hz has an absorption coefficient of 10 to 65%, at 1000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 15 to 110%, at 2000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 33 to 115%, at 4000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 60 to 110% at 8000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 85 to 120%.

Provided are methods for rapidly inactivating a pathogen, or for producing a vaccine composition containing an inactivated noninfectious pathogen having retained antigenicity and/or immunogenicity, comprising exposing the pathogen to a chemical inactivating agent (e.g., one or more chemical oxidizing, alkylating or crosslinking agents) in the presence of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions in an amount and for a time sufficient to render the pathogen noninfectious while enhancing retention of pathogen antigenicity and/or immunogenicity relative to that retained by contacting the pathogen with the chemical inactivating agent alone. The methods are broadly applicable to pathogens having RNA or DNA genomes (e.g., including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites). Also provided are vaccine compositions (medicaments) containing a pathogen inactivated by exposure to an inactivating agent in the presence of elevated concentrations of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions, and methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering the vaccine compositions.

Provided are methods for rapidly inactivating a pathogen, or for producing a vaccine composition containing an inactivated noninfectious pathogen having retained antigenicity and/or immunogenicity, comprising exposing the pathogen to a chemical inactivating agent (e.g., one or more chemical oxidizing, alkylating or crosslinking agents) in the presence of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions in an amount and for a time sufficient to render the pathogen noninfectious while enhancing retention of pathogen antigenicity and/or immunogenicity relative to that retained by contacting the pathogen with the chemical inactivating agent alone. The methods are broadly applicable to pathogens having RNA or DNA genomes (e.g., including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites). Also provided are vaccine compositions (medicaments) containing a pathogen inactivated by exposure to a an inactivating agent in the presence of elevated concentrations of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions, and methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering the vaccine compositions.

The present invention relates to particles comprising protamine, RNA and at least one endosome destabilizing agent, to methods of their production and to pharmaceutical compositions or kits containing the particles. It further relates to particles comprising protamine and RNA for use in methods of treatment or prevention of diseases and to kits comprising such particles together with at least one endosome destabilizing agent.

The disclosure provides for an isolated recombinant influenza virus having at least one of: a PB2 viral segment encoding PB2 with residue at position 540 that is not asparagine or a residue at position 712 that is not glutamic acid, a PA viral segment encoding PA with a residue at position 180 that is not glutamine or a residue at position 200 that is not threonine, or a PB1 viral segment encoding PB1 with a residue at position 149 that is not valine, a residue at position 684 that is not glutamic acid or a residue at position 685 that is not aspartic acid, or any combination thereof, and methods of making and using the virus.

Provided are surprisingly effective methods for inactivating pathogens, and for producing highly immunogenic vaccine compositions containing an inactivated pathogen rendered noninfectious by exposure to a Fenton reagent, or by exposure to a Fenton reagent or a component thereof in combination with a methisazone reagent selected from the group consisting of methisazone, methisazone analogs, functional group(s)/substructure(s) of methisazone, and combinations thereof. The methods efficiently inactivate pathogens, while substantially retaining pathogen antigenicity and/or immunogenicity, and are suitable for inactivating pathogens, or for the preparation of vaccines for a wide variety of pathogens with genomes comprising RNA or DNA, including viruses and bacteria. Also provided are highly immunogenic inactivated vaccine compositions prepared by using any of the disclosed methods, and methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering such vaccine compositions.

The present invention provides recombinant viral segments comprising an artificial intron, DNA constructs encoding these viral segments, and recombinant viruses comprising these viral segments. Also provided are methods of making and using the recombinant viruses described herein.

Provided are methods for rapidly inactivating a pathogen, or for producing a vaccine composition containing an inactivated noninfectious pathogen having retained antigenicity and/or immunogenicity, comprising exposing the pathogen to a chemical inactivating agent (e.g., one or more chemical oxidizing, alkylating or crosslinking agents) in the presence of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions in an amount and for a time sufficient to render the pathogen noninfectious while enhancing retention of pathogen antigenicity and/or immunogenicity relative to that retained by contacting the pathogen with the chemical inactivating agent alone. The methods are broadly applicable to pathogens having RNA or DNA genomes (e.g., including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites). Also provided are vaccine compositions (medicaments) containing a pathogen inactivated by exposure to a an inactivating agent in the presence of elevated concentrations of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions, and methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering the vaccine compositions.

A fabric top for a convertible vehicle includes, in sequence: an outer cover layer, an insulating layer, an absorber layer and an inner cover layer. The absorber layer at 500 hz has an absorption coefficient of 10 to 65%, at 1000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 15 to 110%, at 2000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 33 to 115%, at 4000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 60 to 110% at 8000 hz has an absorption coefficient of 85 to 120%.

Provided are methods for rapidly inactivating a pathogen, or for producing a vaccine composition containing an inactivated noninfectious pathogen having retained antigenicity and/or immunogenicity, comprising exposing the pathogen to a chemical inactivating agent (e.g., one or more chemical oxidizing, alkylating or crosslinking agents) in the presence of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions in an amount and for a time sufficient to render the pathogen noninfectious while enhancing retention of pathogen antigenicity and/or immunogenicity relative to that retained by contacting the pathogen with the chemical inactivating agent alone. The methods are broadly applicable to pathogens having RNA or DNA genomes (e.g., including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites). Also provided are vaccine compositions (medicaments) containing a pathogen inactivated by exposure to an inactivating agent in the presence of elevated concentrations of inorganic polyatomic oxyanions, and methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject by administering the vaccine compositions.