A method of treating cancer in a subject that includes administering in situ to the cancer of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a plant virus or plant virus-like particle in combination with administration of an immune checkpoint therapy to the subject.

The invention provides a composition useful to prepare influenza vaccine viruses, e.g., in the absence of helper virus, which includes internal viral segments from an influenza virus vaccine strain or isolate, e.g., one that is safe in humans, for instance, one that does not result in significant disease, and encodes a heterologous antigen.

The invention provides a composition useful to prepare influenza vaccine viruses, e.g., in the absence of helper virus, which includes internal viral segments from an influenza virus vaccine strain or isolate, e.g., one that is safe in humans, for instance, one that does not result in significant disease, and encodes a heterologous antigen.

A method of treating cancer in a subject that includes administering in situ to the cancer of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a plant virus or plant virus-like particle in combination with administration of an immune checkpoint therapy to the subject.