Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 antigen virus-like particles (VLPs) and recombinant immune complexes (RICs) are described, along with methods of making said VLPs and RICs in plants and using said VLPs and RICs to induce an immune response in a subject.

A method of treating cancer in a subject that includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a plant virus or virus-like particle to the subject.

A method of producing plant virus-like particles includes freeze drying an aqueous solution of plant virus particles to produce a substantially RNA-free plant virus-like particles.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

The present invention relates to GFLV virus-like particles and the uses thereof in various fields, such as the pharmaceutical, agro, or veterinary areas.

Virus particle multimers and methods of making and using such virus particle multimer are described. Virus particle multimers are constructed by preparing a plurality of asymmetrically functionalized virus particles bearing one or more functional groups and contacting the asymmetrically functionalized virus particles with a first linker molecule that reacts with the functional groups to form a virus particle multimer that includes a plurality of asymmetrically functionalized virus particles connected by the linker molecule. The asymmetrically functionalized virus particles are typically prepared by attaching the virus particles to a support surface to allow asymmetrical functionalization to be introduced.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof includes administering in situ to the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a virus or virus-like particle.

A method of producing plant virus-like particles includes freeze drying an aqueous solution of plant virus particles to produce a substantially RNA-free plant virus-like particles.

Virus particle multimers and methods of making and using such virus particle multimer are described. Virus particle multimers are constructed by preparing a plurality of asymmetrically functionalized virus particles bearing one or more functional groups and contacting the asymmetrically functionalized virus particles with a first linker molecule that reacts with the functional groups to form a virus particle multimer that includes a plurality of asymmetrically functionalized virus particles connected by the linker molecule. The asymmetrically functionalized virus particles are typically prepared by attaching the virus particles to a support surface to allow asymmetrical functionalization to be introduced.