[Problems] The present invention provides a purification method capable of more effectively removing the contaminants with physical characteristics similar to the virus from the composition containing the virus, while preventing the denaturation of the virus, than conventional methods.

[Means to solve problems] A purification method for removing a contaminant from a composition containing a virus particle and the contaminant, the purification method comprising: a preparation step of preparing the composition containing a virus particle and a contaminant; a first adsorption step of adsorbing the virus particle on a first adsorbent composed of a calcium phosphate compound by contacting the composition with the first adsorbent; a first elution step of eluting the virus particle from the first adsorbent to obtain a first eluate; a second adsorption step of adsorbing the virus particle on a second adsorbent composed of a calcium phosphate compound by contacting the first eluate with the second adsorbent; and a second elution step of eluting the virus particle from the second adsorbent to obtain a second eluate; one of the first elution step and the second elution step comprising pH gradient elution, and the other comprising salt concentration gradient elution.

Provided are compositions and methods for vaccinating against picornaviruses. The compositions include modified Newcastle Disease viruses (NDVs) that are sufficient to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) in a host recipient. The modified NDVs contain a single stranded negative sense RNA polynucleotide having nucleotide sequences configured in a 3′-5′ direction encoding sequentially NDV nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) protein. A first nucleotide sequence encoding a picornavirus capsid polyprotein precursor is positioned between the between P and M nucleotide sequences. A second nucleotide sequence encoding a picornavirus protease that is capable of processing the capsid polyprotein precursor is positioned between the HN and L nucleotide sequences. Purified, infectious non-pathogenic NDV particles are included, as are methods for using such particles for vaccination against any infectious picornavirus. Kits and articles of manufacture containing and/or for making the NDV particles are also provided.

Provided herein are compositions of virus like particles (VLPs) of poliovirus (PV) that have one or more stabilizing mutations that confer a higher degree of thermostability to the N-antigenic form of the VLPs. These VLPs are non-infectious, and thus safer for use in vaccine development and administration to clinical subjects.

Provided are compositions and methods for vaccinating against picornaviruses. The compositions include modified Newcastle Disease viruses (NDVs) that are sufficient to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) in a host recipient. The modified NDVs contain a single stranded negative sense RNA polynucleotide having nucleotide sequences configured in a 3-5 direction encoding sequentially NDV nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) protein. A first nucleotide sequence encoding a picornavirus capsid polyprotein precursor is positioned between the between P and M nucleotide sequences. A second nucleotide sequence encoding a picornavirus protease that is capable of processing the capsid polyprotein precursor is positioned between the HN and L nucleotide sequences. Purified, infectious non-pathogenic NDV particles are included, as are methods for using such particles for vaccination against any infectious picornavirus. Kits and articles of manufacture containing and/or for making the NDV particles are also provided.

The invention provides poliovirus like particles, which comprise stabilised empty poliovirus capsids that retain their native antigenic properties. The invention also provides methods of identifying mutations useful in the production of such poliovirus like particles, methods of producing such poliovirus like particles and the use of such poliovirus like particles in methods of vaccinating against poliovirus.

The invention provides poliovirus like particles, which comprise stabilised empty poliovirus capsids that retain their native antigenic properties. The invention also provides methods of identifying mutations useful in the production of such poliovirus like particles, methods of producing such poliovirus like particles and the use of such poliovirus like particles in methods of vaccinating against poliovirus.

Provided herein are compositions of virus like particles (VLPs) of poliovirus (PV) that have one or more stabilizing mutations that confer a higher degree of thermostability to the N-antigenic form of the VLPs. These VLPs are non-infectious, and thus safer for use in vaccine development and administration to clinical subjects.

A method of producing a picornavirus-like particle (PVLP) in a plant is provided. The method comprises introducing a first nucleic acid and a second nucleic acid into the plant, portion of the plant, or a plant cell. The first nucleic acid comprising a first regulatory region active in the plant operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a polyprotein. The second nucleic acid comprises a second regulatory region active in the plant and operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding one or more protease. The plant, portion of the plant, or plant cell is incubated under conditions that permit the expression of the nucleic acids, thereby producing the PVLP. A PVLP comprising the polyprotein is also provided.