The present invention relates to a covalently closed circular recombinant DNA molecule comprising an origin of replication and an insert comprising a homopolymeric region, wherein the homopolymeric region is located at a distance of least 500 bp from the origin of replication in the direction of replication and/or wherein the insert comprising a homopolymeric region is oriented so that the direction of transcription of the insert is the same as the direction of replication of the origin of replication. The invention further relates to the use of the covalently closed circular recombinant DNA molecule for increasing the yield and/or shortening the fermentation time during fermentation.

Methods and constructs for engineering circular RNA are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods and constructs comprise a vector for making circular RNA, the vector comprising the following elements operably connected to each other and arranged in the following sequence: a.) a 5′ homology arm, b.) a 3′ group I intron fragment containing a 3′ splice site dinucleotide, c.) optionally, a 5′ spacer sequence, d.) a protein coding or noncoding region, e.) optionally, a 3′ spacer sequence, f) a 5′ Group I intron fragment containing a 5′ splice site dinucleotide, and g.) a 3′ homology arm, the vector allowing production of a circular RNA that is translatable or biologically active inside eukaryotic cells. Methods for purifying the circular RNA produced by the vector and the use of nucleoside modifications in circular RNA produced by the vector are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a covalently closed circular recombinant DNA molecule comprising an origin of replication and an insert comprising a homopolymeric region, wherein the homopolymeric region is located at a distance of least 500 bp from the origin of replication in the direction of replication and/or wherein the insert comprising a homopolymeric region is oriented so that the direction of transcription of the insert is the same as the direction of replication of the origin of replication. The invention further relates to the use of the covalently closed circular recombinant DNA molecule for increasing the yield and/or shortening the fermentation time during fermentation.

Methods and constructs for engineering circular RNA are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods and constructs comprise a vector for making circular RNA, the vector comprising the following elements operably connected to each other and arranged in the following sequence: a.) a 5′ homology arm, b.) a 3′ group I intron fragment containing a 3′ splice site dinucleotide, c.) optionally, a 5′ spacer sequence, d.) a protein coding or noncoding region, e.) optionally, a 3′ spacer sequence, f.) a 5′ Group I intron fragment containing a 5′ splice site dinucleotide, and g.) a 3′ homology arm, the vector allowing production of a circular RNA that is translatable or biologically active inside eukaryotic cells. Methods for purifying the circular RNA produced by the vector and the use of nucleoside modifications in circular RNA produced by the vector are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to the delivery of a payload by bacterial delivery vehicle, i.e. the encapsulation and the delivery of a single plasmid by different bacterial virus particles. More specifically, the present invention concerns a pharmaceutical composition comprising a payload packaged in at least two different bacterial delivery vehicles and a method of production thereof.

Osteoinductive, bone morphogenic protein receptor-binding peptides are disclosed. The peptides may be used to coat or infuse scaffolds for use as implants into bone for enhancing the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and/or osteoblasts in the bone.

Methods and constructs for engineering circular RNA are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods and constructs comprise a vector for making circular RNA, the vector comprising the following elements operably connected to each other and arranged in the following sequence: a.) a 5′ homology arm, b.) a 3′ group I intron fragment containing a 3′ splice site dinucleotide, c.) optionally, a 5′ spacer sequence, d.) a protein coding or noncoding region, e.) optionally, a 3′ spacer sequence, f) a 5′ Group I intron fragment containing a 5′ splice site dinucleotide, and g.) a 3′ homology arm, the vector allowing production of a circular RNA that is translatable or biologically active inside eukaryotic cells. Methods for purifying the circular RNA produced by the vector and the use of nucleoside modifications in circular RNA produced by the vector are also disclosed.

Methods and constructs for engineering circular RNA are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods and constructs comprise a vector for making circular RNA, the vector comprising the following elements operably connected to each other and arranged in the following sequence: a.) a 5′ homology arm, b.) a 3′ group I intron fragment containing a 3′ splice site dinucleotide, c.) optionally, a 5′ spacer sequence, d.) a protein coding or noncoding region, e.) optionally, a 3′ spacer sequence, f) a 5′ Group I intron fragment containing a 5′ splice site dinucleotide, and g.) a 3′ homology arm, the vector allowing production of a circular RNA that is translatable or biologically active inside eukaryotic cells. Methods for purifying the circular RNA produced by the vector and the use of nucleoside modifications in circular RNA produced by the vector are also disclosed.

Methods and constructs for engineering circular RNA are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods and constructs comprise a vector for making circular RNA, the vector comprising the following elements operably connected to each other and arranged in the following sequence: a.) a 5′ homology arm, b.) a 3′ group I intron fragment containing a 3′ splice site dinucleotide, c.) optionally, a 5′ spacer sequence, d.) a protein coding or noncoding region, e.) optionally, a 3′ spacer sequence, f.) a 5′ Group I intron fragment containing a 5′ splice site dinucleotide, and g.) a 3′ homology arm, the vector allowing production of a circular RNA that is translatable or biologically active inside eukaryotic cells. Methods for purifying the circular RNA produced by the vector and the use of nucleoside modifications in circular RNA produced by the vector are also disclosed.

The present invention provides phagemid vectors and associated phagemid particles for cancer treatment, and in particular, to the use of novel phagemid particles and associated expression systems for the treatment, prevention, amelioration, or management of cancer. In particular, the invention relates to the use of phagemid particles and expression systems for the delivery of transgenes encoding cytokines, for the treatment, prevention, amelioration, or management of cancer. The invention also extends to the use of phagemid particles and expression systems for the delivery of transgenes, and for the combination of such treatment with the use of adoptively transferred T cells, for the treatment, prevention, amelioration, or management of cancer.