The present description provides improved methods for generating thymic epithelial progenitor (TEP) cells from pluripotent stem (PS) cells in vitro. Also provided are isolated invitro cell populations, compositions, and systems comprising TEP cells produced in vitro. Compositions and systems of cell populations of thymic epithelial cells and subpopulations thereof, as well as cells formed during different stages of differentiation of PS cells into thymic epithelial cells and subpopulations thereof are provided.

The present disclosure describes methods to promote thymic regeneration following injury or damage to the thymus by administering to the thymus an effective amount of (1) bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), (2) thymus-derived endothelial cells that express BMP4 or (3) a combination of BMP4 and BMP4-secreting thymus-derived endothelial cells.

The invention is directed to in vitro methods of inducing differentiation of anterior foregut endoderm and the enriched populations of anterior foregut endoderm produced by such methods. Such enriched populations are useful for studies of the molecular events that occur during differentiation and for generating cells for cell replacement therapy.

The invention relates to a thyroid manufacturing process, and more particularly, to a novel thyroid manufacturing process which encompasses a new drying step during the thyroid extraction step and a further homogenization, which allow in a thyroid product with a controlled value of hormones, and it is essentially free of virus and bacteria.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a spheroid form of tonsil-derived stem cells, the method enhances growth and differentiation efficiency of the tonsil-derived stem cells. The present method also produces a spheroid form of para-thyroid hormones. The method for producing a spheroid form of tonsil-derived stem cells enhances the proliferation rate of the stem cells per se and significantly increase differentiation potency into parathyroid cells.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods and compositions for treating diabetes mellitus comprising co-transplantation of an insulin-producing cell and a cell derived from a parathyroid gland (PTG), a CD34+ cell derived from a parathyroid gland, a CD34+ cell derived from a stem cell, or other progenitor cell-derived CD34+ cell.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods and compositions for treating diabetes mellitus comprising co-transplantation of an insulin-producing cell and a cell derived from a parathyroid gland (PTG), a CD34+ cell derived from a parathyroid gland, a CD34+ cell derived from a stem cell, or other progenitor cell-derived CD34+ cell.

The present invention relates to: a method for producing a spheroid form of tonsil-derived stem cells, the method enhancing growth and differentiation efficiency of tonsil-derived stem cells; and a method for producing a spheroid form of parathyroid hormones from the same. The method of the present invention for producing a spheroid form of tonsil-derived stem cells cultures the tonsil-derived stem cells in the form of a spheroid to thereby enhance the proliferation rate of the stem cells per se and remarkably increase differentiation potency into parathyroid cells. Thereby, the method has a remarkable effect on the growth and differentiation of the tonsil-derived stem cells into parathyroid cells, etc.

Provided herein, inter alia, are methods and compositions for treating diabetes mellitus comprising co-transplantation of an insulin-producing cell and a cell derived from a parathyroid gland (PTG), a CD34+ cell derived from a parathyroid gland, a CD34+ cell derived from a stem cell, or other progenitor cell-derived CD34+ cell.

The invention relates to a method for differentiating pluripotent stem cells into thyroid or lung organoids by forming embryoid bodies, differentiating the embryoid bodies into definitive endoderm, inducing (over) expression of NKX2-1 and PAX8, and treatment with respectively, a cyclic monophosphate, a glucocorticoid, thyroid-stimulating hormone and a TGF- inhibitor, or with a cyclic monophosphate, insulin or IGF-1, and a TGF- inhibitor. The invention also relates to thyroid and lung organoids obtained by the methods as well as uses thereof for therapeutic applications and medicinal applications such as drug screening or research purposes.