The invention relates to differentiation methods for progenitor cells, e.g. mammalian epithelial stem cells, differentiation media for use in said methods, organoids and cells obtainable by said methods and uses, including therapeutic uses, thereof.

Disclosed herein are induced hepatocytes from a trophoblast stem cell, methods for inducing the cells, and compositions thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease or disorder (e.g., liver-associated) by utilizing an induced hepatocyte disclosed herein.

A 3D tissue culture selected from the group consisting of hydrogel-based 3D tissue culture and cellular self-assembly 3D tissue culture as well as self-assembly 3D tissue culture. Additionally, disclosed is a method of preparing cells for 3D tissue culture, which method comprises the steps of plating the cells on a suitable surface, optionally, checking for their capability to adhere to said surface, discarding the cells which have not adhered to said surface, detaching the adhered cells and transferring them into a 3D tissue culture process.

Disclosed herein are insulin resistance reporters for use in quantifying insulin response in biological cells. These biological cells may be stem cell compositions or derivatives thereof comprising the insulin resistance reporter. The stem cell derivatives include but are not limited to insulin responsive cells, tissues, or organoids, such as pancreatic, brain, adipose, muscle, or liver cells, or tissues or organoids thereof. Also disclosed herein are methods of using said insulin resistance reporters and cells with these insulin resistance reporters as models to examine insulin resistance and screening for compounds that are potentially useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with insulin resistance. The cells comprising an insulin resistance reporter may be hepatic cells or liver organoid compositions, which can be used in investigating hepatic insulin resistance, for example, as a result of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or steatohepatitis.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods to decellularize an isolated organ or portion thereof. Also disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treatment of disease utilizing a decellularized or recellularized organ. Also disclosed herein are methods of improving decellularization and/or recellularization of an isolated organ or portion thereof.

The present disclosure relates to in vitro models of biliary atresia obtained by culturing of human liver organoids and/or mini-bile ducts and exposing the liver organoids and/or mini-bile ducts to biliatresone. The present disclosure also provides methods of preparation of the in vitro models of biliary atresia, and applications thereof.

The present invention provides a culture method capable of maturing an organoid through long-term culture, and suitable for producing a conformational organ. The culture method of the present invention is a method for culturing an organoid and/or cells constituting an organ immobilized in a chamber with a culture fluid perfused, and the culture fluid is perfused in such a manner as to generate a turbulent flow in the chamber.

Micro-Organosphers, including Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres (PMOSs), apparatuses and methods of making them, and apparatuses and methods of using them. Also described herein are methods and systems for screening a patient using these Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres, including personalized therapies.

Disclosed are compositions, in particular, organoid compositions, derived from more than one donor cell. Further disclosed are methods of making compositions, for example, organoid compositions, that comprise a differentiated cell population derived from more than one donor cell. Donor cells may include, for example, a precursor cell such as an embryonic stem cell or other precursor cell. The disclosed methods use synchronization conditions to produce a synchronized pooled-precursor cell population, which may then be differentiated into an organoid composition. Methods of using the compositions are also disclosed.

The invention provides a method for constructing a hepatic progenitor cell-like cell bank, including successively performing following processes to human primary hepatocyte cultures from different donor sources: transformation-culture, cryopreservation treatment, proliferation-culture, a first subculture treatment, virus infection, a second subculture treatment, continuous selection-culture and continuous subculture. In the method for constructing a heterogenous immortal hepatic progenitor cell-like cell bank of the present invention, the human primary hepatocyte culture of each of the donor sources is transformation-cultured before the proliferation-culture, which is beneficial in endowing the human primary hepatocyte cultures with good proliferation performance. Once combined with subsequent controlling of culture parameter, the immortal hepatic progenitor cell-like cell lines obtained from different donor sources may have good in vitro proliferation ability. The invention also provides an application of the hepatic progenitor cell-like cell bank and cell lines obtained by the construction method.