MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.

The present disclosure is directed to a drug delivery system in which urate oxidase and metal-based nanoparticles for hydrogen peroxide degradation are loaded in a temperature-sensitive nanocarrier, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating hyperuricemia-related disease comprising the drug delivery system. In the drug delivery system of the present disclosure, urate oxidase and metal-based nanoparticles for hydrogen peroxide degradation are positioned close to each other, thereby effectively removing the toxic substance hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2) generated during uric acid degradation. The drug delivery system of the present disclosure may be developed as an active ingredient of a drug for preventing or treating hyperuricemia-related disease.

MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.

The invention relates to a novel inhibitor pharmacophore of PCSK9 and heteroaryl compounds that bind the PCSK9 protein.

The present invention relates to the preparation of amines from aldehydes and ketones by reductive amination with enzymes having a reductive aminase activity on aldehydes and ketones devoid of any carboxyl group gamma of the carbonyl group. The invention also relates to the enzymes per se and their uses in biocatalysis. The enzymes are derived from Mycobacterium smegmatis and vaccae, Cystobacter fuscus, Microbacterium sp. and Aminomonas paucivorans.

A method for producing an objective substance such as vanillin and vanillic acid is provided. An objective substance is produced from a carbon source or a precursor of the objective substance by using a microorganism that is able to produce the objective substance, which microorganism has been modified so that the activity of an enzyme involved in SAM cycle (SAM cycle enzyme) is increased.

Provides an artificial enzyme obtained by improving upon a sequence of a natural nicotine dehydrogenase, wherein the improvement comprises replacing at least one amino acid hindering product release with an amino acid with smaller side chains, thereby improving a catalytic rate.

MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.

The field of the invention relates to a method for the production of a recombinant protein in a plant-based system comprising the steps of providing a plant-based system comprising a modulation for a plant endogenous prolyl-4-hydroxylase gene, delivering a gene encoding the recombinant protein into the plant-based system, and cultivating the plant-based system for the expression of the gene encoding the recombinant protein. The field of the invention further relates to a recombinant protein, which has been produced in a plant-based system. A plant-based system and use of the recombinant protein are also provided.

MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.