The present invention relates generally to devices for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices for measurement of glucose in a host that incorporate a cellulosic-based resistance domain.

An analyte sensor for the continuous or semi-continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and a method for making the analyte sensor are disclosed. In one aspect, the analyte sensor includes a crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer in contact with a surface of an electrode, and an analyte sensing component embedded within the crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer. The crosslinked, hydrophilic copolymer has methacrylate-derived backbone chains of first methacrylate-derived units, second methacrylate-derived units and third methacrylate-derived units. The first and second methacrylate-derived units have side chains that can be the same or different, and the third methacrylate-derived units in different backbone chains are connected by hydrophilic crosslinks.

Embodiments of the invention provide an in-situ polymerization technique for creating a glucose sensor chemistry stack. An analyte sensor comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix in contact with an electrode. The crosslinked polymer matrix is formed by exposing ultraviolet (UV) light to a polymer matrix mixture comprising a plurality of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers, one or more di-acrylate crosslinkers, one or more UV photoinitiators, and an oxidoreductase. The oxidoreductase is covalently linked to the crosslinked polymer matrix. In typical embodiments, the oxidoreductase is a glucose oxidase-acrylate bioconjugate. In one or more embodiments, the analyte sensor apparatus further comprises a glucose limiting membrane positioned over the crosslinked polymer matrix. The glucose limiting membrane is formed by exposing ultraviolet (UV) light to a glucose limiting membrane mixture comprising a plurality of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers, one or more di-acrylate crosslinkers, one or more UV photoinitiators, ethylene glycol, and water.

The present disclosure relates to a composition for a crosslinking agent for the preparation of a sensing layer or a diffusion control layer of an electrochemical biosensor comprising genipin or a derivative thereof, in which due to the properties of genipin that can be extracted and used from plants, not only it has high biocompatibility compared to conventional crosslinking agents with high toxicity, but also it can easily confirm the progress of the reaction by measuring UV or measuring the amount of amine groups present when reacting with a compound having an amine group, for example, an electron transport medium, and additionally, it has the advantage of suppressing a rapid decrease in sensor life due to high concentration of glucose while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity to glucose.

An enzymatic sensor and processes for making an enzymatic sensor are disclosed. In some implementations, a sensor is provided that includes a gel-enzyme layer for reacting with an analyte of interest to create an electrical signal corresponding to a concentration of the analyte in a sample. In addition, a cushion layer formed on the gel-enzyme layer to attenuate the effects of mechanical perturbations on the gel-enzyme layer and its concomitant distortion of a signal output of the sensor.

A device utilizing biosensors to enable rapid electrochemical sensing of one or more analytes in a container. The device comprises a holder which incorporates at least one reference electrode and at least one sensing electrode. The sensing electrode comprising an electrically conductive substrate which is coated in a first layer of a suitable electron acceptor and subsequently with a second layer incorporating a biorecognition molecule adsorbed or within a suitable electropolymer matrix or carrier.

The invention relates to a device that is to be implanted in vivo and includes a stent (46) surrounded, at least partially, by at least one flexible conductive film (54, 56) containing chains of a linear polymer, each of which has carbon nanotubes connected thereto via pi-pi interactions. Said film is functionalized by enzymatic grafting so as to form an electrochemical bioreactor element.

The present disclosure relates to methods of creating a biosensor. A palladium film is deposited onto a surface of a substrate. The palladium film is then treated with an air plasma to stabilize the palladium and reduce or eliminate its catalytic activity. The biosensor is created from the treated palladium film and the substrate.

The invention disclosed herein is a device having an analyte sensor, having a working electrode and a membrane disposed over the electrode and methods of making the device. The multilayered membrane is formed by chemically fusing an inner layer of a polyelectrolyte with an outer layer of an ethylenically unsaturated prepolymer through a chain-growth polymerization reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated silicone prepolymer, a hydride silicone prepolymer, a non-silicone ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, a filler and a metal catalyst. The silicone composition formed from the reaction mixture restricts diffusion of an analyte through the membrane. More specifically, the membrane formed comprises a restrictive domain that controls the flux of oxygen and glucose through the membrane to the working electrode.

Multi-use biosensors are disclosed that include enzymes that have been modified to reduce the solubility thereof; the multi-use biosensors are used to detect analytes in fluidic biological samples, and the biosensors also maintain their enzyme activity after many uses. Multi-sensor arrays are disclosed that include multiple biosensors. Also disclosed are methods of producing and using these devices.