A method is for detecting a biomarker within a sample of blood. The method may include processing the sample of blood with a microfluidic blood plasma separator and a plasmonic array biosensor, and flowing the sample of blood over a sensing surface of the plasmonic array biosensor. The sensing surface of the plasmonic array biosensor may have an ssDNA aptamer against the biomarker. The method may further include binding the biomarker in the sample of blood to the ssDNA aptamer of the plasmonic array biosensor, and detecting the biomarker in the sample of blood based upon LSPR altering a reflected optical signal from the plasmonic array biosensor.

A method is for detecting a biomarker within a sample of blood. The method may include processing the sample of blood with a microfluidic blood plasma separator and a plasmonic array biosensor, and flowing the sample of blood over a sensing surface of the plasmonic array biosensor. The sensing surface of the plasmonic array biosensor may have an ssDNA aptamer against the biomarker. The method may further include binding the biomarker in the sample of blood to the ssDNA aptamer of the plasmonic array biosensor, and detecting the biomarker in the sample of blood based upon LSPR altering a reflected optical signal from the plasmonic array biosensor.

A method for determining the presence of an allele, including (a) binding a polymerase to a double stranded nucleic acid that includes a primer hybridized to a template, the template including a first allele of a locus; (b) adding a nucleotide to the primer via catalytic activity of the polymerase, thereby producing an extended nucleic acid; (c) dissociating the polymerase from the extended nucleic acid; (d) detecting dissociation of the polymerase from the extended nucleic acid; and (e) comparing the dissociation of the polymerase from the extended nucleic acid to dissociation of the polymerase from a second double stranded nucleic acid, the second double stranded nucleic acid including a primer hybridized to the same position of the locus as the primer of the extended nucleic acid.

A method for determining the presence of an allele, including (a) binding a polymerase to a double stranded nucleic acid that includes a primer hybridized to a template, the template including a first allele of a locus; (b) adding a nucleotide to the primer via catalytic activity of the polymerase, thereby producing an extended nucleic acid; (c) dissociating the polymerase from the extended nucleic acid; (d) detecting dissociation of the polymerase from the extended nucleic acid; and (e) comparing the dissociation of the polymerase from the extended nucleic acid to dissociation of the polymerase from a second double stranded nucleic acid, the second double stranded nucleic acid including a primer hybridized to the same position of the locus as the primer of the extended nucleic acid.

NAzyme activity surface plasmon resonance sensors include a first DNA probe that is covalently connected to a sensing surface, and a second DNA probe that is covalently connected to a nanoparticle or a nanoparticle cluster. The first DNA probe and the second DNA probe are ligated together to provide a selected single strand DNA probe connected to the sensing surface and the nanoparticle. The single strand DNA probe includes a ligation zone within a selected NAzyme substrate. The sensor measures DNAzyme activity by NAzyme binding at the NAzyme substrate and cleavage at the ligation zone. Fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor tips are adapted to measure activity of a NAzyme when the NAzyme substrate is recognized by the selected NAzyme through hybridization and the metallic nanoparticle is released from the sensor by cleavage of the single strand DNA at the ligation zone by the selected NAzyme.

NAzyme activity surface plasmon resonance sensors include a first DNA probe that is covalently connected to a sensing surface, and a second DNA probe that is covalently connected to a nanoparticle or a nanoparticle cluster. The first DNA probe and the second DNA probe are ligated together to provide a selected single strand DNA probe connected to the sensing surface and the nanoparticle. The single strand DNA probe includes a ligation zone within a selected NAzyme substrate. The sensor measures DNAzyme activity by NAzyme binding at the NAzyme substrate and cleavage at the ligation zone. Fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor tips are adapted to measure activity of a NAzyme when the NAzyme substrate is recognized by the selected NAzyme through hybridization and the metallic nanoparticle is released from the sensor by cleavage of the single strand DNA at the ligation zone by the selected NAzyme.

The present invention relates to a method of detecting a target nucleic acid on the basis of rolling circle amplification (RCA), and more specifically, to a method of detecting a target nucleic acid, the method in which a target nucleic acid (a nucleic acid having a target nucleic acid sequence), when present, forms a circular template with a template for performing an amplification reaction, wherein during the amplification reaction, a restriction enzyme is added to further induce a new RCA reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate and sensitivity, and to an RCA composition for implementing the method. The method of detecting a target nucleic acid according to the present invention, by detecting a barcode sequence predefined according to the type of the target nucleic acid, enables multiple detections of the presence of the target nucleic acid without sequencing, is inexpensive for not using costly enzymes, such as CRISPR, can detect barcode sequences, and can utilize various existing nucleic acid detection systems, and thus, can be useful in the detection of gene mutations.

The present invention relates to a method of detecting a target nucleic acid on the basis of rolling circle amplification (RCA), and more specifically, to a method of detecting a target nucleic acid, the method in which a target nucleic acid (a nucleic acid having a target nucleic acid sequence), when present, forms a circular template with a template for performing an amplification reaction, wherein during the amplification reaction, a restriction enzyme is added to further induce a new RCA reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate and sensitivity, and to an RCA composition for implementing the method. The method of detecting a target nucleic acid according to the present invention, by detecting a barcode sequence predefined according to the type of the target nucleic acid, enables multiple detections of the presence of the target nucleic acid without sequencing, is inexpensive for not using costly enzymes, such as CRISPR, can detect barcode sequences, and can utilize various existing nucleic acid detection systems, and thus, can be useful in the detection of gene mutations.

An apparatus for label-free analysis of molecules, including interactions and reactions of the molecules, is disclosed. The apparatus is based on detecting molecule movement under the influence of an external electric field. The apparatus is able to achieve sensitive detection of molecular binding to proteins or other molecules, and conformational changes of proteins or other molecules and biochemical reactions of the proteins or other molecules. Applications of the apparatus include screening of drug molecules, kinetic analysis of posttranslational modification of proteins, and small molecule-protein interactions.

An apparatus for label-free analysis of molecules, including interactions and reactions of the molecules, is disclosed. The apparatus is based on detecting molecule movement under the influence of an external electric field. The apparatus is able to achieve sensitive detection of molecular binding to proteins or other molecules, and conformational changes of proteins or other molecules and biochemical reactions of the proteins or other molecules. Applications of the apparatus include screening of drug molecules, kinetic analysis of posttranslational modification of proteins, and small molecule-protein interactions.