Toxigenic Clostridium spoilage culture comprises 1.5-2 pts. wt. peptone, 1.5-2 pts. wt. casein, 0.5-0.75 pts. wt, yeast extract powder, 0.00014-0.00028 pts. wt. zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5-0.75 pts. wt, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 0.03-0.045 pts, wt. potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-1.5 pts. wt. glucose.

The present specification provides a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain deposited under accession no. KCTC13941BP and having immunity-enhancing activity.

Disclosed is a composition for improving microbial flora containing a herbal medicine extract as an active ingredient, wherein the composition can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria.

The present invention relates to media compositions for culturing bacteria. In particular, the present invention relates to media for culture and/or fermentation of Clostridia bacteria.

The present disclosure provides recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium (e.g. S. epidermidis) that are dependent on D-alanine for growth. In one aspect, the disclosure features a recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium comprising two inactivated alanine racemase genes (Δalr1Δalr2); and an inactivated D-alanine aminotransferase (dat) gene. In another aspect, the disclosure features a method of making the recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium.

The present disclosure describes topical formulations for the administration of probiotic skin bacteria and extracts or derivatives thereof. The present disclosure further describes methods and compositions for assuring the long-term storage and stability of said formulations.

The disclosure relates to composition and methods to treat dermatological diseases and disorders and to composition that modulate skin barrier permeability.

The present disclosure provides recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium (e.g. S. epidermidis) that are dependent on D-alanine for growth. In one aspect, the disclosure features a recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium comprising two inactivated alanine racemase genes (Δalr1Δalr2); and an inactivated D-alanine aminotransferase (dat) gene. In another aspect, the disclosure features a method of making the recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium.

The present disclosure provides recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium (e.g. S. epidermidis) that are dependent on D-alanine for growth. In one aspect, the disclosure features a recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium comprising two inactivated alanine racemase genes (Δalr1Δalr2); and an inactivated D-alanine aminotransferase (dat) gene. In another aspect, the disclosure features a method of making the recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium. In another aspect, the disclosure features a method of treating or preventing a rash in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a population of the recombinant Staphylococcus bacterium of any one of the aspects or embodiments described herein, in an effective amount to treat or prevent the rash in the subject.

The present disclosure provides, inter alia, engineered microbes expressing one or more therapeutic proteins from a nucleotide sequence chromosomally integrated, which is effective to treat or ameliorate a disease or disorder, e.g., a skin disease. In certain embodiments, composition, methods, and kits are provided comprising microbes expressing one or more therapeutic proteins from a chromosomally integrated nucleotide sequence.