The present invention provides at least two modified gene sequences, Sequence 1 comprising of nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID no.1, and Sequence 2 comprising of nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID no.2, encoding the enzyme choline oxidase wherein the gene sequences have been obtained by modifying the codA gene (Accession no. X84895) encoding choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis, and a method to enzymatically produce betaine using choline oxidases encoded by Sequence 1, and Sequence 2, wherein the enzymatically produced betaine has minimal undesired trimethylamine contamination.

The present invention provides at least two modified gene sequences, Sequence 1 comprising of nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID no.1, and Sequence 2 comprising of nucleotide sequence of SEQ. ID no.2, encoding the enzyme choline oxidase wherein the gene sequences have been obtained by modifying the codA gene (Accession no. X84895) encoding choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis, and a method to enzymatically produce betaine using choline oxidases encoded by Sequence 1, and Sequence 2, wherein the enzymatically produced betaine has minimal undesired trimethylamine contamination.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor device. A non-limiting example of the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of metal nanopillars formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device also includes an amperometric sensor associated with one of the plurality of nanopillars, wherein the amperometric sensor is selective to an enzyme-active neurotransmitter. The semiconductor device also includes a resistivity sensor associated with a pair of nanopillars, wherein the resistivity sensor is selective to an analyte.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor device. A non-limiting example of the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of metal nanopillars formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device also includes an amperometric sensor associated with one of the plurality of nanopillars, wherein the amperometric sensor is selective to an enzyme-active neurotransmitter. The semiconductor device also includes a resistivity sensor associated with a pair of nanopillars, wherein the resistivity sensor is selective to an analyte.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor device. A non-limiting example of the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of metal nanopillars formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device also includes an amperometric sensor associated with one of the plurality of nanopillars, wherein the amperometric sensor is selective to an enzyme-active neurotransmitter. The semiconductor device also includes a resistivity sensor associated with a pair of nanopillars, wherein the resistivity sensor is selective to an analyte.

A therapeutic composition for the treatment of lung diseases or disorders and diseases or disorders of the airway passages including pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome is based on the generation of a biocidal anion by an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by a peroxidase. The peroxide utilized by the peroxidase enzyme can be endogenous or can be generalized by the action of an oxidase enzyme on a suitable substrate.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a semiconductor device. A non-limiting example of the semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of metal nanopillars formed on the substrate. The semiconductor device also includes an amperometric sensor associated with one of the plurality of nanopillars, wherein the amperometric sensor is selective to an enzyme-active neurotransmitter. The semiconductor device also includes a resistivity sensor associated with a pair of nanopillars, wherein the resistivity sensor is selective to an analyte.