This disclosure provides an E. coli strain, which lacks thioredoxin reductase activity encoded by trxB and thioredoxin 1 activity encoded by trxA, and glutathione reductase activity encoded by gor. Said E. coli strain expresses a mutated AhpC protein having glutathione reductase activity and a cytosolic prokaryotic disulfide isomerase. The E. coli strain has an oxidative cytosol and can be used to efficiently produce proteins having disulfide bonds.

The present invention discloses an engineering yeast strain for producing nervonic acids. The yeast strain over-expresses the genes related to enzymes required in a synthetic process of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, such as fatty acid elongase, desaturase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and the like, and optionally, further adjusts and controls the synthesis and decomposition route of triglyceride, the synthesis and decomposition route of sphingomyelin, and the synthesis and decomposition route and the oxidation-reduction balanced route of lipid subcell levels. The recombinant yeast strain can produce microorganism oil; and the content of the prepared nervonic acids accounts for 39.6% of the total fatty acids.

An allergen inactivation method includes an inactivation step of inactivating an allergen present in a reaction system by reduction via a reduced redox protein, and a reduction process of reducing an oxidized redox protein produced by oxidation of the reduced redox protein in the inactivating to the reduced redox protein by donating an electron from an electrode connected to an external power supply outside the reaction system to the oxidized redox protein.

This invention is intended to improve glutathione productivity by fermentation using microorganisms. This invention relates to a microbial strain capable of overexpression of γ-glutamylcysteine, bis-γ-glutamylcystine, γ-glutamylcystine, reduced glutathione, and/or oxidized glutathione in which the expression level of a gene encoding serine-O-acetyltransferase (EC:2.3.1.30) is enhanced and a method involving the use of such microbial strain.

This disclosure provides an E. coli strain, which lacks thioredoxin reductase activity encoded by trxB and thioredoxin 1 activity encoded by trxA, and glutathione reductase activity encoded by gor. Said E. coli strain expresses a mutated AhpC protein having glutathione reductase activity and a cytosolic prokaryotic disulfide isomerase. The E. coli strain has an oxidative cytosol and can be used to efficiently produce proteins having disulfide bonds.

Provided herein are recombinantly engineered polypeptides capable of recycling noncanonical cofactors, and uses thereof. Further provided herein, is a universal growth selection process that can be used to identify said recombinantly engineered polypeptides.

Disclosed are methods, systems, components, and compositions for cell-free synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. The methods, systems, components, and compositions may be utilized for incorporating non-standard amino acids (nsAAs) into cell-free synthesized proteins and glycosylating or otherwise modifying the cell-free synthesized proteins in vitro. The nsAAs of the cell-free synthesized protein may be modified via glycosylation or other modification.

Described herein are methods and compositions for the use of treating damage induced by SD. Aspects of the invention relate to administering to a subject in need thereof an agent that reduces reactive oxygen species. In some embodiments, administration of an agent that reduces reactive oxygen species repairs SD-induced damage in the gut.

The present disclosure concerns a method for producing peptides such as glutathione and a microorganism that can be used for such method. One or more embodiments of the first aspect of the present disclosure concern a method for producing peptides such as glutathione comprising culturing a prokaryotic microbial strain in which the expression levels of one or more genes selected from among the gshA gene, the gshB gene, and the gshF gene are enhanced, compared with the expression levels thereof in the wild-type strain thereof in a medium in which the total concentration of cysteine and cystine is 0.5 g/l or lower. The second aspect of the present disclosure concerns a microorganism comprising disruptions of the γ-glutamyltransferase gene and the glutathione reductase gene and exhibiting the enhanced expression levels of the gshA gene and the gshB or gshF gene.

Provided herein are compositions, systems, kits, and methods for treating a patient with a thromboembolism by administering nanoconjugates comprising nanoparticles encapsulating and/or conjugated to: i) tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and ii) at least one antioxidant enzyme selected from the group consisting of: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and a catalase.