The present invention provides devices and methods for producing metabolites used to measure the toxicity of chemical compounds. They incorporate enzymatic microsomes and magnetic nanoparticles that magnetically entrap enzymes. These enzyme systems catalyze chemicals to yield measurable metabolic products. The microsomes and the magnetic nanoparticles containing enzymes are associated with macroporous scaffolds and non-reactive components that facilitate the enzyme reactions.

Provided herein are genetically engineered cells containing one or more modulated metabolic genes, where the expression of the modulated metabolic gene(s) can be greater than that of an unmodified control. Also provided herein are methods of making the genetically engineered cells using synergistic activation mediator CRISPR-Cas9. Further provided herein are high throughput assays that can employ the genetically engineered cells provided herein.

Provided herein are genetically engineered cells containing one or more modulated metabolic genes, where the expression of the modulated metabolic gene(s) can be greater than that of an unmodified control. Also provided herein are methods of making the genetically engineered cells using synergistic activation mediator CRISPR-Cas9. Further provided herein are high throughput assays that can employ the genetically engineered cells provided herein.