The present invention relates to the provision of an enzymatic method for the preparation of 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl) pyridine (Formula I) using as substrate 2,6-Dimethlypyridine (2,6-lutidene) and the multicomponent xylene monooxygenase comprising XylM and XylA from Pseudomonas putida (Arthrobacter siderocapsulatus). The enzymatic method of the present invention is advantageous over conventional synthetic preparations, providing access to the title compound with a one-step enzymatic procedure.

Provided are an electron transport chain module from a eukaryotic organelle and an application thereof in biological nitrogen fixation. The electron transport chain (ETC) module is composed of the NifJ protein from Klebsiella oxytoca and a ferredoxin from plant chloroplasts or leucoplasts; plant-type ferredoxin-NADPH reductase (FNR) and the FdxH or FdxB protein from Anabaena; or an FNR and a Ferredoxin protein from plant organelles.

The present disclosure relates to the field of bioengineering and pharmaceutical and chemical production. In particular, provided is a polynucleotide comprising a coding sequence of toluene dioxygenase. Also provided are an expression cassette, a vector and a host cell comprising the polynucleotide, as well as use thereof in the preparation of cis-cyclohexadiene o-diol compounds.

The present disclosure relates to fusion proteins including an iron-sulfur protein (e.g., cholesterol 7-desaturase (C7D)) and a ferredoxin reductase (e.g., KshB) that can efficiently convert cholesterol to 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in vivo. Also disclosed herein are engineered microbes (e.g., E. coli) expressing the fusion proteins and methods of use thereof.