The present invention relates to a method for converting at least one oligo- and/or polysaccharide into fructose comprising the steps of: a) adding to a composition comprising water, phosphate and at least one oligo- and/or polysaccharide at least four enzymes, and b) subsequently enzymatically converting the at least one oligo- and/or polysaccharide to fructose in the presence of the at least four enzymes, wherein in step a) at least one additional saccharide is added, whereby the at least one additional saccharide is selected from the group consisting of saccharides comprising 20 or less monosaccharide residues and/or combinations thereof; wherein in step a) the at least four enzymes, preferably at least five enzymes, are selected from the group consisting of transferases, phosphorylases, mutases, isomerases, hydrolases, phosphatases and combinations thereof; and wherein at least one enzyme in step a) is a phosphatase.

Provided herein are variant adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins having one or more modifications in amino acid sequence relative to a parental AAV capsid protein, which, when present in an AAV virion, confer increased infectivity of one or more types of muscle cells as compared to the infectivity of the muscle cells by an AAV virion comprising the unmodified parental AAV capsid protein. Also provided are recombinant AAV virions and pharmaceutical compositions thereof comprising a variant AAV capsid protein as described herein, methods of making these rAAV capsid proteins and virions, and methods for using these rAAV capsid proteins and virions in research and in clinical practice, for example in, e.g., the delivery of nucleic acid sequences to one or more muscle cells for the treatment of muscle disorders and diseases.

The present disclosure concerns a recombinant yeast host cell exhibiting higher stability and, in some embodiments, higher fermentation performance. The recombinant yeast host cell stability has a limited ability to express an hydrolase during its propagation phase. In return, this limits the cleavage of a yeast cellular component during or after propagation which may be detrimental to the stability and/or fermentation performances. The recombinant yeast host cell expresses a heterologous hydrolase under the control of a heterologous promoter (for limiting the expression of the heterologous hydrolase during propagation and favoring the expression of the heterologous hydrolase during fermentation).

The invention relates to improved processes for the enzymatic production of allulose using enzymes which have been characterized as having improved expression, improved stability, and low allulose to fructose conversion activity, relative to enzymes in other allulose production methods. Improved processes include steps of converting fructose-6-phosphate to allulose 6-phopsphate A6P) using an allulose 6-phosphate epimerase, and converting A6P to allulose using an allulose-6-phosphate phosphatase.

The present application relates to a psicose-6-phosphate phosphatase, a microorganism comprising the same, and a method for producing psicose using the same.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing hexoses from saccharides by enzymatic processes. The methods utilize fructose 6-phosphate and at least one enzymatic step to convert it to a hexose.

Provided herein are variant adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins having one or more modifications in amino acid sequence relative to a parental AAV capsid protein, which, when present in an AAV virion, confer increased infectivity of one or more types of muscle cells as compared to the infectivity of the muscle cells by an AAV virion comprising the unmodified parental AAV capsid protein. Also provided are recombinant AAV virions and pharmaceutical compositions thereof comprising a variant AAV capsid protein as described herein, methods of making these rAAV capsid proteins and virions, and methods for using these rAAV capsid proteins and virions in research and in clinical practice, for example in, e.g., the delivery of nucleic acid sequences to one or more muscle cells for the treatment of muscle disorders and diseases.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing hexoses from saccharides by improved enzymatic processes. The improved processes utilize enzymes with higher activities than those previously reported to convert starch or a starch derivative, cellulose or a cellulose derivative, or sucrose to a glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) intermediate.

The present disclosure generally relates to modified microorganisms comprising an optimized system for oligosaccharide utilization comprising one or more polynucleotides coding for one or more energy independent oligosaccharide transporters for transporting an oligosaccharide into the microorganism, one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes that catalyze the conversion of the oligosaccharide into at least one phosphorylated saccharide, and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes that catalyze the conversion of the phosphorylated saccharide into an isomer of the phosphorylated saccharide that is utilized in one or more enzymatic pathways in the microorganism for the production of an organic molecule such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, lactic acid, etc. The present disclosure also generally relates to methods of using the optimized system for oligosaccharide utilization.

Disclosed herein are methods of producing hexoses from saccharides by enzymatic processes. The methods utilize fructose 6-phosphate and at least one enzymatic step to convert it to a hexose.