A method for producing glucose and derivatives thereof by means of biotransformation with a recombinant yeast, which belongs to the technical field of synthetic biology. A construction method comprises any one of the following steps: i, knocking out metabolic pathway-related enzymes of glucose and derivatives thereof in a yeast strain; ii, enhancing or using an activity of synthetic pathway-related enzymes of glucose and derivatives thereof in the yeast strain; and iii, enhancing or using a capability of glucose and derivatives thereof in the yeast strain to enter and exit the yeast. Further provided are a recombinant yeast strain capable of producing glucose or derivatives thereof at a high yield and the use thereof in the conversion of a non-grain low-carbon carbon source. The low-carbon non-grain carbon source synthesized by means of using photoelectrocatalysis or traditional chemical industry is used as a substrate, and rapid preparation of food product raw materials glucose and derivatives thereof from the non-grain carbon source is realized by means of recombinant yeast cells.