Provided herein are cells with a gene modification of an ABO gene, RHD gene, and/or FUT1 gene. In some embodiments, the cells express reduced levels of a MHC I antigen and/or a MHC II antigen. In some instances, the cells are also hypoimmunogenic cells.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may be used e.g. as functional ingredients in infant nutrition, medical nutrition, functional foods and animal feed. There is still a need of improved means of producing HMOs. The present invention provides genetically modified microorganisms for the improved production of HMOs and HMO production methods using the same. The microorganisms of the invention may have one or more yield-enhancing modifications, including an inducible lysis system, which allows for the easy extraction of intracellular and extracellular HMOs, lactose permease mutants, which may increase intracellular lactose levels, or chaperones, which may increase intracellular availability of key enzymes for the production of HMOs.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may be used e.g. as functional ingredients in infant nutrition, medical nutrition, functional foods and animal feed. There is still a need of improved means of producing HMOs. The present invention provides genetically modified microorganisms for the improved production of HMOs and HMO production methods using the same. The microorganisms of the invention may have one or more yield-enhancing modifications, including an inducible lysis system, which allows for the easy extraction of intracellular and extracellular HMOs, lactose permease mutants, which may increase intracellular lactose levels, or chaperones, which may increase intracellular availability of key enzymes for the production of HMOs.

The present application relates to a bi-functional therapeutic for treating cancer that includes a targeting component which targets a tumor-associated antigen and an enzyme which, when delivered to a tumor by said targeting component, converts the tumor phenotype to that of an incompatible allograft or xenograft. The enzyme is coupled to the targeting component. Also disclosed is a method for treating cancer comprising administering the bi-functional therapeutic.