The invention provides a method of producing a host cell, plant cell or plant with increased trilobatin content or increased N 4′-O-glycosyltransferase activity, the method comprising transformation of the host cell or plant cell with a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide with 4′-O-glycosyltransferase activity. The invention also provides host cells, plant cells and plants, genetically modified to contain and or express the polynucleotides.

The present invention relates to a genetically modified host cell producing a bibenzylic acid or a derivative thereof expressing a) one or more genes encoding a polyketide synthase (PKS); b) one or more genes encoding a polyketide cyclase (PKC); and c) one or more genes encoding a double bond reductase (DBR); and one or more genes encoding polypeptides selected from d) a tyrosine ammonia lyase polypeptide (TAL); e) a phenylalanine ammonia lyase polypeptide (PAL); f) a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase polypeptide (C4H); g) a cytochrome p450 reductase polypeptide (CPR); h) a 4-coumarate-CoA ligase polypeptide (4CL); and/or i) a non-catalytic chalcone isomerase type III or IV polypeptide (CHIL); wherein the at least one gene is heterologous to the host cell.

The disclosure relates to a metabolic transistor in microbes such as bacteria and yeast where a competitive pathway is introduced to compete with a product pathway for available carbon so as to control the carbon flux in the microbe.

The disclosure relates to a metabolic transistor in microbes such as bacteria and yeast where a competitive pathway is introduced to compete with a product pathway for available carbon so as to control the carbon flux in the microbe.