The invention provides compositions and methods for suppressing autoimmune components of neurodegenerative diseases and thereby providing therapeutic effects to patients suffering from such diseases, Compositions and methods include immunosuppressive moieties such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and proteins expressed by Tregs coupled to a chimeric antigen receptor or protein that specifically binds one or more glial cell markers. Therapeutically effective doses of said compounds for treating neurodegenerative diseases including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), multiple sclerosis, and prion diseases are disclosed.

The present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing malonate semialdehyde and/or related products, such as ketones, alcohols, organic acids, esters, alkenes, amino acids, and combinations thereof including 3-hydroxypropionic acid, acrylic acid, propionic acid, 1-propanol, acetone, 2-propanol, butanone, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, methyl propionate, 1,3-propanediol, isoamyl alcohol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, lactic acid, adipic acid, glutamic acid, itaconic acid, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, citric acid, methacrylic acid, succinic acid, propylene, butadiene, ethanol, isoprenol, leucine, isoleucine, glutamine, glycine, and isoprene, from β-alanine. The recombinant microorganism expresses an asparate 1-decarboxylase that catalyzes the production of malonate semialdehyde from β-alanine.

A method for the preparation of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from homoserine includes a first step of conversion of the primary amino group of homoserine to a carbonyl group to obtain 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate, and a second step of reduction of the obtained 2-oxo-4-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) to 2,4-dihydroxybutyrate.

The invention provides microorganisms genetically modified to overexpress biofilm dispersal related polypeptides to enhance the production of lysine and lysine derivatives by the microorganism, method of generating such microorganism, and methods of producing lysine and lysine derivatives using the genetically modified microorganisms.

Pharmaceuticals for treating patient with excessive lactate production and related acidemia are disclosed. Pharmaceuticals include glutamate, aspartate, BCAA, pyruvate, malate, oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate, AST, ALT, PLP, MDH and GPDH, Lodoxamite and Oxamate. The mechanism is that invented pharmaceuticals inhibit LDH and enhance malate/aspartate shuttle activity.

The present application discloses genetically modified yeast cells comprising an active 3-HP fermentation pathway, and the use of these cells to produce 3-HP.

This invention relates to metabolically engineered microorganisms, such as bacterial and or fungal strains, and bioprocesses utilizing such strains. These strains enable the dynamic control of metabolic pathways, which can be used to optimize production. Dynamic control over metabolism is accomplished via a combination of methodologies including but not limited to transcriptional silencing and controlled enzyme proteolysis. These microbial strains are utilized in a multi-stage bioprocess encompassing at least two stages, the first stage in which organisms are grown and metabolism can be optimized for microbial growth and at least one other stage in which growth can be slowed or stopped, and dynamic changes can be made to metabolism to improve the production of desired product, such as a chemical or fuel.

The present disclosure provides an engineered microorganism capable of producing malonic acid, malonate, esters of malonic acid, or mixtures thereof. The engineered microorganism includes a malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase that is heterologous to a native form of the engineered microorganism and comprises at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6, wherein the engineered microorganism is capable of producing about 3 g/L to about 250 g/L of malonic acid, malonate, esters of malonic acid, or mixtures thereof.

Methods and materials related to producing aspartic acid, β-alanine and salts of each thereof are disclosed. Specifically, isolated nucleic acids, polypeptides, host cells, methods and materials for producing aspartic acid by direct fermentation from sugars are disclosed.

The disclosure relates to mutant gene(s) that confer upon microorganisms that express them an improved capacity to utilize xylose and improved capacity to co-utilize glucose and xylose thereby resulting in improved growth of the microorganism. Further encompassed are methods of producing fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives from cellulosic biomass, xylose, and/or a glucose/xylose mix by employing the host cells expressing the engineered XylR variants and compositions of biologically produced fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives.