The invention provides a method for producing sulfated polysaccharides by reacting a PAPS production/regeneration system utilizing the metabolic activity of a microorganism or a treated matter thereof with a microorganism expressing a sulfation enzyme or a treated matter or extract thereof upon mixing of inexpensive raw materials such as magnesium sulfate. The invention also provides a method for producing PAPS from inexpensive raw materials. The methods involve preparing a transformant (a) of a bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium, which contains a gene encoding an ATP sulfurylase and a gene encoding an APS kinase, which are expressible, and in which a cell plasma membrane of the transformant (a) is substance-permeable, or a treated matter of the transformant (a), and conducting a reaction for producing PAPS by using a reaction solution containing ATP or an ATP source, a sulfate ion source, and the transformant (a) or the treated matter thereof.

The present disclosure describes the engineering of microbial cells for fermentative production of cystathionine and provides novel engineered microbial cells and cultures, as well as related cystathionine production methods. An engineered microbial cell that expresses a heterologous cystathionine beta-synthase or a heterologous cystathionine gamma-synthase, wherein the engineered microbial cell produces cystathionine.

The present invention relates to the production of hydrolyzates from a lignocellulose-containing material, and to fermentation of the hydrolyzates. More specifically, the present invention relates to the detoxification of phenolic inhibitors and toxins formed during the processing of lignocellulose-containing material by enzymatically sulfating the phenolic inhibitors and toxins using aryl sulfotranseferases.

The present invention provides isolated gene sequences useful in increasing lignocellulosic toxin tolerance in yeast. Such engineered yeast are useful in methods of biofuel production, particularly ethanol production. Methods of bioengineering recombinant yeast with increased lignocellulosic toxin tolerance are also provided.

The present invention provides isolated gene sequences useful in increasing lignocellulosic toxin tolerance in yeast. Such engineered yeast are useful in methods of biofuel production, particularly ethanol production. Methods of bioengineering recombinant yeast with increased lignocellulosic toxin tolerance are also provided.

The present invention relates to the production of hydrolyzates from a lignocellulose-containing material, and to fermentation of the hydrolyzates. More specifically, the present invention relates to the detoxification of phenolic inhibitors and toxins formed during the processing of lignocellulose-containing material by enzymatically sulfating the phenolic inhibitors and toxins using aryl sulfotranseferases.

The invention provides a method for producing sulfated polysaccharides by reacting a PAPS production/regeneration system utilizing the metabolic activity of a microorganism or a treated matter thereof with a microorganism expressing a sulfation enzyme or a treated matter or extract thereof upon mixing of inexpensive raw materials such as magnesium sulfate. The invention also provides a method for producing PAPS from inexpensive raw materials. The methods involve preparing a transformant (a) of a bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium, which contains a gene encoding an ATP sulfurylase and a gene encoding an APS kinase, which are expressible, and in which a cell plasma membrane of the transformant (a) is substance-permeable, or a treated matter of the transformant (a), and conducting a reaction for producing PAPS by using a reaction solution containing ATP or an ATP source, a sulfate ion source, and the transformant (a) or the treated matter thereof.

The invention provides a method for producing a sulfated polysaccharide by generating a sulfated polysaccharide by incorporating, in a reaction solution in the presence of ATP or an ATP source, a sulfate ion source, and N-sulfoheparosan, a transformant (a) of a bacterium of the genus Corynebacterium, comprising at least a gene encoding an ATP sulfurylase and a gene encoding an APS kinase, and at least one selected from a transformant (b) of a microorganism belonging to prokaryotes, comprising at least a gene encoding a C5-epimerase, a transformant (c) of a microorganism belonging to prokaryotes, comprising at least a gene encoding a 2-O-sulfotransferase, a transformant (d) of a microorganism belonging to prokaryotes, comprising at least a gene encoding a 6-O-sulfotransferase, and a transformant (e) of a microorganism belonging to prokaryotes, comprising at least a gene encoding a 3-O-sulfotransferase.

Disclosed is a method for constructing a synthesis and regeneration system based on APS as an active sulfonate donor, belonging to the technical field of biology. The present disclosure provides a new purpose of APS as an active sulfonate donor, and greatly improves the synthesis efficiency of the APS by screening different ATP sulfurylases and adding a pyrophosphatase into a reaction system to eliminate pyrophosphate as a byproduct. Further, the construction of a sulfonation modification system is realized by constructing an APS circulation regeneration system. Compared with a PAPS regeneration system, the APS circulation regeneration system has the advantages of short path and high efficiency, the sulfonation modification efficiency is significantly improved, and the synthesis cost is successfully reduced.