Systems and methods for prenylation and recombinant pathways for the production of compounds, cannabinoids, cannabinoid precursors, and other prenylated chemicals in a cell free system. The present invention further includes enzymes and recombinant microorganisms that catalyze the reaction. The compounds, cannabinoids, cannabinoid precursors, and other prenylated chemicals are operable to be substituted with at least one deuterium, at least one tritium, at least one halogen, at least one hydroxyl group, and/or at least one additional isotope.