Biomarkers to screen for, identify, and/or characterize lung cancer in a subject with high selectivity and high specificity are disclosed. Also disclosed herein are methods for distinguishing lung cancer from another disease. Also disclosed herein are substrates, arrays, and reagents for use in the methods, and methods of their preparation.

Disclosed herein are isolated recombinant cells for the expression of 6 containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and methods of use thereof.

Disclosed herein are isolated recombinant cells for the expression of 64 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and methods of use thereof.