The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for the biosynthetic production of choline, ethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, and phosphocholine.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating cancer, particularly to agents that capable of modulating the activity of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) within a mammalian cell, particularly to peptides modulating its activity in the mitochondria and the nucleus, useful for treating cancer diseases.

The application discloses an engineered phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD protein) and use thereof, a fusion protein comprising the engineered PSD protein and use thereof, a nucleic acid molecule for encoding the engineered PSD protein or the fusion protein, an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule, an engineered cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule or the expression vector, a method for preparing an engineered extracellular vesicle, an engineered extracellular vesicle and use thereof. In this application, an engineered phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is used for catalyzing phosphatidylserine on the surface of an extracellular vesicle, so that phagocytosis of macrophages is reduced, in-vivo clearance is reduced, and the circulation time of the extracellular vesicle is prolonged.

A method for converting a carbon source into ethylene glycol includes: providing a plasmid, in which the plasmid includes gene sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, and SEQ ID NO: 6; implanting the plasmid into cyanobacteria through an electroporation treatment, so that modified cyanobacteria are obtained; and providing the carbon source to the modified cyanobacteria, so that the modified cyanobacteria convert the carbon source into the ethylene glycol.