A recombinant filamentous fungi that includes reduced 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-Gluconate (KDG) aldolase enzyme activity as compared to the filamentous fungi not transformed to have reduced KDG aldolase enzyme activity is provided. Also provided is a method of producing KDG.

Described is a method for the incorporation of formaldehyde into biomass comprising the following enzymatically catalyzed steps (1) condensation of pyruvate with formaldehyde into 4-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoic acid (HOB); (2) amination of the thus produced 4-hydroxy-2-oxobutanoic acid (HOB) to produce homoserine; (3) conversion of thus produced homoserine to threonine; (4) conversion of the thus produced threonine into glycine and acetaldehyde or acetyl-CoA; (5) condensation of the thus produced glycine with formaldehyde to produce serine; and (6) conversion of the thus produced serine to produce pyruvate, wherein said pyruvate can then be used as a substrate in step (1).

Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as α-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear α-alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

The production of substituted 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA molecules by a novel reaction is described. The reaction involves the condensation of formyl-CoA with a carbonyl-containing molecule. Such carbonyl-containing molecules include a substituted aldehyde and a ketone. The reaction is catalyzed by enzymes using a TPP-dependent mechanism. Also described is the production of unsubstituted and substituted 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA molecules comprising the condensation of formyl-CoA with a carbonyl-containing molecule, wherein the condensation is catalyzed by a prokaryotic HACL. The 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA can be converted to chemical products having broad applications by using enzyme catalysts. The combination of enzyme catalysts comprises novel biochemical reaction pathways that can be deployed either as polypeptides in a reaction buffer or genetically encoded in recombinant microorganisms.

Provided herein are production systems and methods to produce a plurality of organic carbon-containing compounds from carbon dioxide, including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, glucose, cellulose, and starch, using stabilized enzymes in aqueous media.

Described is a method for the production of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) comprising the steps of: (a) enzymatically converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into dihydroxyacetone (DHA); and (b) enzymatically converting the thus produced dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P); or
comprising the steps of: (a′) enzymatically converting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) into glyceraldehyde; and (b′) enzymatically converting the thus produced glyceraldehyde together with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into fructose-1-phosphate (F1P); and (c′) enzymatically converting the thus produced fructose-1-phosphate (F1P) into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P).

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (3) including bringing a carbon-carbon double bond reductase, a microorganism or cell having an ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture solution containing the enzyme which is obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell, and a carbonyl reductase, a microorganism or cell having an ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture solution containing the enzyme which is obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell into contact with a compound represented by formula (1) to obtain a compound represented by formula (3): ##STR00001##

A method for manufacturing 1,3-propanediol includes culturing, in the presence of a saccharide and formaldehyde to produce 1,3-propanediol, a microorganism having the following genes: (a) a first gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes an aldol reaction between pyruvic acid and aldehydes; (b) a second gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes a decarboxylation reaction of α-keto acids; and (c) a third gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes a reduction reaction of aldehydes, is provided.

Described is a method for the production of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) comprising the steps of: (a) enzymatically converting dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into dihydroxyacetone (DHA); and (b) enzymatically converting the thus produced dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P); or
comprising the steps of: (a′) enzymatically converting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) into glyceraldehyde; and (b′) enzymatically converting the thus produced glyceraldehyde together with dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into fructose-1-phosphate (F1P); and (c′) enzymatically converting the thus produced fructose-1-phosphate (F1P) into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P).

A method for producing a compound represented by formula (3) including bringing a carbon-carbon double bond reductase, a microorganism or cell having an ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture solution containing the enzyme which is obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell, and a carbonyl reductase, a microorganism or cell having an ability to produce the enzyme, a processed product of the microorganism or cell, and/or a culture solution containing the enzyme which is obtained by culturing the microorganism or cell into contact with a compound represented by formula (1) to obtain a compound represented by formula (3):

##STR00001##