The present invention generally relates to the microbiological industry, and specifically to the production of L-serine or L-serine derivatives using genetically modified bacteria. The present invention provides genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria, wherein the expression of genes encoding for enzymes involved in the degradation of L-serine is attenuated, such as by inactivation, which makes them particularly suitable for the production of L-serine at higher yield. The present invention also provides means by which the microorganism, and more particularly a bacterium, can be made tolerant towards higher concentrations of serine. The present invention also provides methods for the production of L-serine or L-serine derivative using such genetically modified microorganisms.

The present invention relates to a genetically engineered microorganism expressing (i) formate tetrahydrofolate (THF) ligase, methenyi-THF cyclohydrolase and methylene-THF dehydrogenase, (ii) the enzymes of the glycine cleavage system (GCS), (iii) serine deaminase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), (iv) an enzyme increasing the availability of NADPH, and (v) optionally formate dehydrogenase (FDH), and wherein the genetically engineered microorganism has been genetically engineered to express at least one of the enzymes of (i) to (v), wheren said enzyme is not expressed by the corresponding microorganism that has been used to prepare the genetically engineered microorganism, and wherein the enzymes of (i) to (v) are genomically expressed.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing selenoneine that allows production of selenoneine at higher yields as compared with a conventional technology, and, therefore, enables selenoneine production on an industrial scale. This purpose can be achieved by a method for producing selenoneine, comprising the step of applying histidine and a selenium compound to a transformant that has a gene encoding an enzyme of (1) below introduced therein and that can overexpress the introduced gene, to obtain selenoneine. (1) An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction in which hercynylselenocysteine is produced from histidine and selenocysteine in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine and iron (II).

The present invention provides an engineered cell, such as a T-cell, which expresses a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or an engineered T-cell receptor (TCR) and one or more enzymes which, when secreted or expressed at the cell surface causes depletion of a molecule extracellular to the engineered cell; wherein said molecule is selected from: an amino acid; a nucleotide or nucleoside; or a lipid.

The present invention generally relates to the microbiological industry, and specifically to the production of L-serine or L-serine derivatives using genetically modified bacteria. The present invention provides genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria, wherein the expression of genes encoding for enzymes involved in the degradation of L-serine is attenuated, such as by inactivation, which makes them particularly suitable for the production of L-serine at higher yield. The present invention also provides means by which the microorganism, and more particularly a bacterium, can be made tolerant towards higher concentrations of serine. The present invention also provides methods for the production of L-serine or L-serine derivative using such genetically modified microorganisms.

A method for producing an objective substance such as sphingoid bases and sphingolipids using yeast is provided. An objective substance is produced by cultivating yeast having an ability to produce the objective substance in a culture medium containing an additive that is able to associate with, bind to, solubilize, and/or capture the objective substance, and collecting the objective substance from cells of the yeast and/or the culture medium.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing selenoneine that allows production of selenoneine at higher yields as compared with a conventional technology, and, therefore, enables selenoneine production on an industrial scale. This purpose can be achieved by a method for producing selenoneine, comprising the step of applying histidine and a selenium compound to a transformant that has a gene encoding an enzyme of (1) below introduced therein and that can overexpress the introduced gene, to obtain selenoneine.

(1) An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction in which hercynylselenocysteine is produced from histidine and selenocysteine in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine and iron (II).

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing selenoneine that allows production of selenoneine at higher yields as compared with a conventional technology, and, therefore, enables selenoneine production on an industrial scale. This purpose can be achieved by a method for producing selenoneine, comprising the step of applying histidine and a selenium compound to a transformant that has a gene encoding an enzyme of (1) below introduced therein and that can overexpress the introduced gene, to obtain selenoneine. (1) An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction in which hercynylselenocysteine is produced from histidine and selenocysteine in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine and iron (II).

The present invention generally relates to the microbiological industry, and specifically to the production of L-serine or L-serine derivatives using genetically modified bacteria. The present invention provides genetically modified microorganisms, such as bacteria, wherein the expression of genes encoding for enzymes involved in the degradation of L-serine is attenuated, such as by inactivation, which makes them particularly suitable for the production of L-serine at higher yield. The present invention also provides means by which the microorganism, and more particularly a bacterium, can be made tolerant towards higher concentrations of serine. The present invention also provides methods for the production of L-serine or L-serine derivative using such genetically modified microorganisms.

A method for producing an objective substance such as vanillin and vanillic acid is provided. An objective substance is produced from a carbon source or a precursor of the objective substance by using a microorganism having an objective substance-producing ability, which microorganism has been modified so as to have a specific feature, such as a reduced activity of AICAR formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase, an increased activity of 3-PGDH, and/or a reduced activity of L-serine deaminase.