Metal bioremediation and metal mining strategies can include compositions and methods.

Metal bioremediation and metal mining strategies can include compositions and methods.

Metal bioremediation and metal mining strategies can include compositions and methods.

The present disclosure encompasses concentrates prepared from grape skins, as well as compositions comprising these grape skin concentrates. Also encompassed are methods of preparing these concentrates and compositions, and methods of using the same. Particularly encompassed are methods of using the grape skin concentrates and compositions for preparing various beverages, including fermented beverages, such as beers.