The present invention relates generally to production methods, enzymes and recombinant yeast strains for the biosynthesis of clinically important prenylated polyketides of the cannabinoid family. Using readily available starting materials, heterologous enzymes are used to direct cannabinoid biosynthesis in yeast.

Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as α-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear α-alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

Exemplary embodiments provided herein include genetically engineering microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, to produce cannabinoids by inserting genes that produce the appropriate enzymes for the metabolic production of a desired compound.

Genetically engineered cells and microorganisms are provided that produce fatty alcohols from the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, as well as methods of their use.

Provided herein are cannabinoid analogs, including halogenated cannabinoid analogs, hydroxylated cannabinoid analogs, deuterated cannabinoid analogs, and tritiated cannabinoid analogs. The cannabinoid analogs can be prepared by partial or total expression in modified host cells, such as recombinantly modified yeast cells, optionally in combination with chemical synthetic steps.

The present invention is directed to an industrial fermentation process for cultivating a Bacillus cell in a chemically defined fermentation medium and a method for producing a protein of interest comprising the steps of providing a chemically defined fermentation medium, inoculating the fermentation medium with a Bacillus cell comprising a gene encoding a protein of interest, cultivating the Bacillus cell in the fermentation medium under conditions conductive for the growth of the Bacillus cell and the expression of the protein of interest, wherein the cultivation of the Bacillus cell comprises the addition of one or more feed solutions comprising one or more chemically defined carbon sources and one or more trace element ions to the fermentation medium.

The present invention relates to a method for the recombinant production of olivetolic acid (OA) in a host species selected from amoebozoa, based on a hybrid-gene or enzyme of polyketide synthase 37 (PKS37) in which the C-terminal type III PKS domain from an amoeba is replaced by an olivetol synthase (OLS) from a plant, and is expressed together with an olivetolic acid cyclase from a multi-gene expression vector. Further provided is a recombinant amoebozoa host species, and an improved method for producing Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or other cannabinoids.

Genetically engineered cells and microorganisms are provided that produce products from the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway (fatty acid derivatives), as well as methods of their use. The products are particularly useful as biofuels.

The present invention provides a linear multimeric biomolecule polymer wherein a biomolecule is bonded to a polyubiquitin scaffold formed of two or more covalently bonded ubiquitins, by obtaining, from a host cell, a biomolecule bonded with a ubiquitin C-terminal tag through recombinant expression, and polyubiquitinating the biomolecule in vitro in the presence of proteins involved in ubiquitination, E1 (activation enzyme), E2 (conjugation enzyme), and E3 (ligase), and a substrate. The polymer according to the present invention may be used in the separation and purification of a biomolecule, the separation of a target material that binds to the biomolecule, etc.

Exemplary embodiments provided herein include genetically engineering microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, to produce cannabinoids by inserting genes that produce the appropriate enzymes for the metabolic production of a desired compound.