Disclosed herein are methods of increasing nitrogen fixation in a non-leguminous plant. The methods can comprise exposing the plant to a plurality of bacteria. Each member of the plurality comprises one or more genetic variations introduced into one or more genes or non-coding polynucleotides of the bacteria's nitrogen fixation or assimilation genetic regulatory network, such that the bacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the presence of exogenous nitrogen. The bacteria are not intergeneric microorganisms. Additionally, the bacteria, in planta, produce 1% or more of the fixed nitrogen in the plant.

Provided herein are compositions and methods to make and use engineered cells, for the purpose of increasing the cell density of a culture comprising metazoan cells and for the production of a cultured edible product.

Provided herein are compositions and methods to make and use engineered cells, for the purpose of increasing the cell density of a culture comprising metazoan cells and for the production of a cultured edible product.

The present invention relates to a strain which has increased glutamine productivity due to being transformed with a vector containing a nucleotide sequence that encodes a glutamine synthetase consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.

The present invention relates to the use of glutamine synthetase as a protein therapy (such as enzyme replacement protein therapy) for the treatment of hyperammonemia. In particular the invention relates to the systemic administration of glutamine synthetase. The glutamine synthetase may be provided in conjugated or fusion form, to increase its half-life in the circulation. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising glutamine synthetase. The invention also relates to the uses, methods, and compositions involving a combination of the glutamine synthetase protein and an ammonia lowering agent, such as a nitrogen scavenger.

The present disclosure relates to a modified polypeptide of glutamine synthetase having enhanced activity and a method of producing L-glutamine using the same. Since production of L-glutamine may be increased by using the novel modified polypeptide without a decrease in a growth rate compared to wild-type strains having glutamine synthetase activity, the modified polypeptide may be widely used for mass production of L-glutamine.

This invention relates to the general field of recombinant expression of polypeptides in animal cell culture. More specifically, the invention concerns improved selection of cells transfected with recombinantly engineered vectors designed to express polypeptides, in particular heteromultimeric polypeptides.

An expression vector for mammalian cells includes a selection cassette with a nucleotide sequence encoding a glutamine synthetase, operably linked to a PGK promoter and a pA signal. The vector may include the EASE element which is known to promote stable integration of the expression cassettes into the genome. The vector also includes a selection cassette with a nucleotide sequence encoding an enzyme that confers resistance against an antibiotic to a bacterial host as a bacterial selection marker, operably linked to a suitable promoter. The vector further includes an expression cassette for a target polypeptide with an insertion site for a nucleotide sequence encoding the target polypeptide, operably linked to a. CMV promoter and a pA signal. The vector also includes a bacterial origin of replication.

A non-naturally occurring cell comprising an inoperative genomic asparaginase (Aspg) gene and an inoperative glutamine synthetase (Gs) gene, wherein the cell has been transfected with a controllably expressed gene encoding an enzyme having asparaginase activity, a controllably expressed gene encoding an enzyme having glutamine synthetase activity, and a controllably expressed gene encoding a heterologous protein of interest.

The present invention provides polynucleotide vectors for high expression of heterologous genes. Some vectors further comprise novel transposons and transposases that further improve expression. Further disclosed are vectors that can be used in a gene transfer system for stably introducing nucleic acids into the DNA of a cell. The gene transfer systems can be used in methods, for example, gene expression, bioprocessing, gene therapy, insertional mutagenesis, or gene discovery