A process and a plant for preheating a metal charge fed in continuous to an electric melting furnace through a preheating tunnel provided with a horizontal conveyor, wherein the metal charge is hit, in countercurrent, by the exhaust fumes or gas leaving the electric melting furnace and by jets of gas ejected through a plurality of nozzles positioned on the hood of the tunnel. The nozzles are arranged in groups interspaced from each other in a longitudinal direction with respect to the tunnel, and generate a small-scale turbulence or inject small fast gas jets that can penetrate the main gas stream passing through the preheating tunnel, and simultaneously generate a “horseshoe vortex” structure composed of a descending central gas flow (“downwash”), and ascending flows (“upwash”) close to the side walls of the preheating tunnel, which enable a desired circulation of the gases.

A process and plant for preheating a metal charge fed in continuous to an electric melting furnace through a preheating tunnel provided with side walls, a vault and a horizontal conveyor, wherein the metal charge is enveloped in countercurrent by fumes or exhaust gases exiting from the electric melting furnace, includes causing an air intake from the surrounding environment through openings along the preheating tunnel to complete the combustion of the fumes or exhaust gases. The intake is regulated by acting on suction fans and/or on the openings, based on measurements by temperature sensors and/or the composition of the outgoing gases in or downstream of the terminal part of the tunnel. The metal charge is enveloped by jets of gas ejected through a plurality of nozzles arranged non-uniformly longitudinally on the vault of the tunnel, with a greater concentration on the top of the vault of the tunnel.

A process and a plant for preheating a metal charge fed in continuous to an electric melting furnace through a preheating tunnel provided with a horizontal conveyor, wherein the metal charge is hit, in countercurrent, by the exhaust fumes or gas leaving the electric melting furnace and by jets of gas ejected through a plurality of nozzles positioned on the hood of the tunnel. The nozzles are arranged in groups interspaced from each other in a longitudinal direction with respect to the tunnel, and generate a small-scale turbulence or inject small fast gas jets that can penetrate the main gas stream passing through the preheating tunnel, and simultaneously generate a “horseshoe vortex” structure composed of a descending central gas flow (“downwash”), and ascending flows (“upwash”) close to the side walls of the preheating tunnel, which enable a desired circulation of the gases.

A process and a plant for preheating a metal charge fed in continuous to an electric melting furnace through a preheating tunnel provided with a horizontal conveyor, wherein the metal charge is hit, in countercurrent, by the exhaust fumes or gas leaving the electric melting furnace and by jets of gas ejected through a plurality of nozzles positioned on the hood of the tunnel. The nozzles are arranged in groups interspaced from each other in a longitudinal direction with respect to the tunnel, and generate a small-scale turbulence or inject small fast gas jets that can penetrate the main gas stream passing through the preheating tunnel, and simultaneously generate a “horseshoe vortex” structure composed of a descending central gas flow (“downwash”), and ascending flows (“upwash”) close to the side walls of the preheating tunnel, which enable a desidered circulation of the gases.

The invention relates to a plant complex for steel production comprising a blast furnace for producing pig iron, a converter steel mill for producing crude steel and a gas-conducting system for gases that occur in the production of pig iron and/or in the production of crude steel. According to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical or biotechnological plant connected to the gas-conducting system and a plant for producing hydrogen. The plant for producing hydrogen is connected to the gas-conducting system by a hydrogen-carrying line. Also the subject of the invention is a method for operating the plant complex.

Some implementations provide an integrated system that includes: a wastewater treatment system configured to process wastewater released by one or more furnaces at a steelmaking plant, and generates reused wastewater using the wastewater; a heat recovery apparatus configured to utilize exhaust gas from the one or more furnaces at the steelmaking plant, and heat the reused wastewater generated by the wastewater treatment system above a threshold temperature; and a generator configured to receive, through a water inlet, the reused wastewater heated above the threshold temperature; and an absorption system arranged in circulation with the generator, and wherein the reused water is supplied above a threshold amount such that the generator drives the absorption system and produces cooled air inside the steelmaking plant.

A material is utilized with an electropositive metal. This can be used as post-oxyfuel process for oxyfuel power stations. Here, an energy circuit is realized by the material utilization. An electropositive metal, in particular lithium, serves as energy store and as central reaction product for the conversion of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into ammonia and methanol. The power station thus operates without CO.sub.2 emissions.

In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides (3) to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and/or steam (H.sub.2O) with gaseous hydrocarbons,
the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is provided at least partially by the combustion of a fuel gas.

A process and a plant for preheating a metal charge fed in continuous to an electric melting furnace through a preheating tunnel provided with a horizontal conveyor, wherein the metal charge is hit, in countercurrent, by the exhaust fumes or gas leaving the electric melting furnace and by jets of gas ejected through a plurality of nozzles positioned on the hood of the tunnel. The nozzles are arranged in groups interspaced from each other in a longitudinal direction with respect to the tunnel, and generate a small-scale turbulence or inject small fast gas jets that can penetrate the main gas stream passing through the preheating tunnel, and simultaneously generate a horseshoe vortex structure composed of a descending central gas flow (downwash), and ascending flows (upwash) close to the side walls of the preheating tunnel, which enable a desired circulation of the gases.

Some implementations provide an integrated system that includes: a wastewater treatment system configured to process wastewater released by one or more furnaces at a steelmaking plant, and generates reused wastewater using the wastewater; a heat recovery apparatus configured to utilize exhaust gas from the one or more furnaces at the steelmaking plant, and heat the reused wastewater generated by the wastewater treatment system above a threshold temperature; and a generator configured to receive, through a water inlet, the reused wastewater heated above the threshold temperature; and an absorption system arranged in circulation with the generator, and wherein the reused water is supplied above a threshold amount such that the generator drives the absorption system and produces cooled air inside the steelmaking plant.