Disclosed herein are method and design rules for making polyelemental systems with specific heterostructures, including tetra-phase nanopartides with as many as six junctions. In accordance with an embodiment, a method of making a tetra-phase polyelemental nanoparticle using tri-phase nanoparticle architectures can include selecting two or more triphase nanoparticle architectures, wherein the two or more tri-phase nanoparticle architectures are one or more striped tri-phase architectures, one or more pie-shaped tri-phase architectures, or combinations thereof; identifying from the selected two or more tri-phase nanoparticle architectures groups of metals for generating each of the two or more tri-phase nanoparticle architectures; contacting a tip coated with an ink to a substrate to form a nanoreactor, the ink comprising block copolymer and the metals from the groups of metals identified for generating each of the two or more tri-phase nanoparticle architectures; and annealing the nanoreactors under conditions sufficient to synthesize a tetra-phase polyelemental nanoparticle.

Provided is a forming device that forms a heated metal material, the forming device including: a die that performs quench forming by coming into contact with the metal material; a cooling unit that is provided inside the die to cool the die; and a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the die, in which the cooling unit adjusts a cooling capacity on the basis of a detection result of the temperature sensor.

Provided is a forming system that expands and deforms a metal material to perform forming, the forming system including: a forming device that performs the forming; and at least one transport device that transports the metal material, in which the transport device transports the metal material to the forming device in a held state, in a case where a pretreatment device that performs pretreatment for the forming is present, the transport device transports the metal material to the pretreatment device in a held state, and during a period from a transport process in which the metal material is transported to any of devices by the transport device to a treatment process performed by any of the devices, at least one of the transport device and any of the devices continues holding the metal material.

A steel composition is provided. The steel composition includes 0.02-0.45 wt. % carbon (C), 0-8 wt. % manganese (Mn), 0-8 wt. % nickel (Ni), 11-17 wt. % chromium (Cr), 1-3 wt. % silicon (Si), and a balance of iron (Fe). The combined concentration of the Mn and Ni is 2-8 wt. %. The steel composition is configured to form a surface oxide layer including oxides of at least one of the Cr or the Si after being subjected to press hardening. Press-hardened steel (PHS) fabricated from the steel composition and a method of fabricating a (PHS) component from the steel composition are also provided.

The invention relates to a method for the inductive surface layer hardening of a surface which runs around an annular component and has an initial zone, an end zone and two intermediate zones extending between the initial zone and the end zone. The initial zone is brought to hardening temperature by an inductor and quenched by a spray. Subsequently, an inductor arrangement is moved in each case along the intermediate zone to the end zone. Each inductor arrangement includes a leading inductor for preheating the region covered by it, a trailing inductor for finish-heating the preheated region and a spray for quenching the finish-heated region. After the inductor arrangements are located at a certain distance from the initial zone, the leading inductor of at least one of the inductor arrangements is moved in the direction of the end zone at an increased feed rate compared to the trailing inductor. The leading inductor thus reaches the end zone by a time interval earlier, whose duration is equal to the duration required by the trailing inductor to overcome the distance previously resulted between said trailing inductor and the leading inductor. In the meantime, the end zone is preheated by the leading inductor that reached it. When one of the trailing inductors of the inductor arrangements has arrived in the end zone, it heats the end zone to the finished hardening temperature.

The disclosure is directed to a method of forming high-aspect-ratio metallic glass articles that are substantially free of defects and cosmetic flaws by means of rapid capacitive discharge forming. Metallic glass alloys that are stable against crystallization for at least 100 ms at temperatures where the viscosity is in the range of 10.sup.0 to 10.sup.4 Pa-s are considered as suitable for forming such high-aspect-ratio articles.

The disclosure is directed to a method of forming high-aspect-ratio metallic glass articles that are substantially free of defects and cosmetic flaws by means of rapid capacitive discharge forming. Metallic glass alloys that are stable against crystallization for at least 100 ms at temperatures where the viscosity is in the range of 10.sup.0 to 10.sup.4 Pa-s are considered as suitable for forming such high-aspect-ratio articles.

A heating method, a heating apparatus and a method for fabricating a press-molded article using the heating method is provided. A plate workpiece has a main heating target region having a cross sectional area monotonically varying in a first direction and a sub heating target region provided adjacent to and integrally with the main heating target region. After heating the sub heating target region, the main heating target region is heated by a direct resistance heating to heat the main heating target region and the sub heating target region to be in a target temperature range. To heat the main heating target region, at least one of a pair of electrodes arranged to extend across the main heating target region in a second direction intersecting the first direction is moved in the first direction and at a constant speed, with electric current between the pair of electrodes being adjusted.

A heating method, a heating apparatus and a method for fabricating a press-molded article using the heating method is provided. A plate workpiece has a main heating target region having a cross sectional area monotonically varying in a first direction and a sub heating target region provided adjacent to and integrally with the main heating target region. After heating the sub heating target region, the main heating target region is heated by a direct resistance heating to heat the main heating target region and the sub heating target region to be in a target temperature range. To heat the main heating target region, at least one of a pair of electrodes arranged to extend across the main heating target region in a second direction intersecting the first direction is moved in the first direction and at a constant speed, with electric current between the pair of electrodes being adjusted.

A heat treatment apparatus for hot stamping includes a frame, and heating units provided to be vertically movable at both upper and lower sides of the frame and configured to heat a cold formed steel plate by electrifying the steel plate. Cooling units are provided to be vertically movable at centers of the upper and lower sides of the frame and are configured to cool the heated steel plate while pressurizing the steel plate from upper and lower sides.