Various embodiments provide a leaching solution monitoring module comprising a first leaching solution distribution system interface, a flow meter in fluid communication with the first leaching solution distribution system interface, the flow meter in fluid communication a 3-way pressure regulator, and a second leaching solution distribution system interface in fluid communication with the 3-way pressure regulator.

A method of extracting metals from polymetallic sulphide ores or concentrates comprising at least Cu, Zn, Pb and Ag, comprising a first step of atmospheric leaching in sulphate medium in the presence of recycled silver for extracting Cu and Zn and a second step of atmospheric leaching in chloride medium for extracting Pb and Ag.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-purity nickel/cobalt mixed solution for cathode materials by using a two-circuit process, and particularly to a method for manufacturing a high-purity Ni/Co mixed solution for cathode materials by using a two circuit process that adopts a two-circuit process to extract cobalt and nickel in a simultaneous manner and prepare a Ni/Co mixed solution, thereby reducing the investment cost for the manufacturing process and downsizing mixer-settler facilities to maximize the efficiency of site utilization.

The present invention skips the crystallization process by using the two-circuit process, so it is possible to solve the problem of increasing the unit product cost due to the additional process cost, prevent an increase in the consumption of the adjuster solution in each mixer-setter tank for pH adjustment and the process costs, and realize eco-friendly effects, such as cutting down the production of the process wastewater.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high-purity nickel/cobalt mixed solution for cathode materials by using a two-circuit process, and particularly to a method for manufacturing a high-purity Ni/Co mixed solution for cathode materials by using a two circuit process that adopts a two-circuit process to extract cobalt and nickel in a simultaneous manner and prepare a Ni/Co mixed solution, thereby reducing the investment cost for the manufacturing process and downsizing mixer-settler facilities to maximize the efficiency of site utilization.

The present invention skips the crystallization process by using the two-circuit process, so it is possible to solve the problem of increasing the unit product cost due to the additional process cost, prevent an increase in the consumption of the adjuster solution in each mixer-setter tank for pH adjustment and the process costs, and realize eco-friendly effects, such as cutting down the production of the process wastewater.

A method for determining an average oxidation state (AOS) of a redox flow battery system includes measuring a charge capacity for a low potential charging period starting from a discharged state of the redox flow battery system to a turning point of a charge voltage; and determining the AOS using the measured charge capacity and volumes of anolyte and catholyte of the redox flow battery system. Other methods can be used to determine the AOS for a redox flow battery system or use discharge voltage instead of charging voltage.

A method for determining an average oxidation state (AOS) of a redox flow battery system includes measuring a charge capacity for a low potential charging period starting from a discharged state of the redox flow battery system to a turning point of a charge voltage; and determining the AOS using the measured charge capacity and volumes of anolyte and catholyte of the redox flow battery system. Other methods can be used to determine the AOS for a redox flow battery system or use discharge voltage instead of charging voltage.

A method for recovering lithium from lithium ion battery scrap according to this invention comprises subjecting lithium ion battery scrap to a calcination step, a crushing step, and a sieving step sequentially carried out, wherein the method comprises, between the calcination step and the crushing step, between the crushing step and the sieving step, or after the sieving step, a lithium dissolution step of bringing the lithium ion battery scrap into contact with water and dissolving lithium contained in the lithium ion battery scrap in the water to obtain a lithium-dissolved solution; a lithium concentration step of solvent-extracting lithium ions contained in the lithium-dissolved solution and stripping them to concentrate the lithium ions to obtain a lithium concentrate; and a carbonation step of carbonating the lithium ions in the lithium concentrate to obtain lithium carbonate.

A process for recovering titanium dioxide from a titanium-bearing material, the process including the steps of: leaching the titanium-bearing material in a first leaching step at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 70 to 97° C. with a first lixiviant to produce a first leach solution comprising undissolved first leach solids that include a titanium content and a first leach liquor, the first lixiviant comprising hydrochloric acid at a concentration of less than 23% w/w; separating the first leach liquor and the undissolved first leach solids; leaching the first leach solids in a second leaching step at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 60 to 80° C. with a second lixiviant in the presence of a Fe powder reductant to produce a second leach solution comprising undissolved second each solids and a second leach liquor that includes a leached titanium content and iron content, the second lixiviant comprising a mixed chloride solution comprising less than 23% w/w hydrochloric acid and an additional chloride selected from alkali metal chlorides, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, or mixtures thereof; separating the second leach liquor and the undissolved second leach solids; and thereafter separating the titanium dioxide and the iron content from the second leach liquor by precipitation, and regenerating the second lixiviant for recycle to the second leaching step.

A process for recovering titanium dioxide from a titanium-bearing material, the process including the steps of: leaching the titanium-bearing material in a first leaching step at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 70 to 97° C. with a first lixiviant to produce a first leach solution comprising undissolved first leach solids that include a titanium content and a first leach liquor, the first lixiviant comprising hydrochloric acid at a concentration of less than 23% w/w; separating the first leach liquor and the undissolved first leach solids; leaching the first leach solids in a second leaching step at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 60 to 80° C. with a second lixiviant in the presence of a Fe powder reductant to produce a second leach solution comprising undissolved second each solids and a second leach liquor that includes a leached titanium content and iron content, the second lixiviant comprising a mixed chloride solution comprising less than 23% w/w hydrochloric acid and an additional chloride selected from alkali metal chlorides, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, or mixtures thereof; separating the second leach liquor and the undissolved second leach solids; and thereafter separating the titanium dioxide and the iron content from the second leach liquor by precipitation, and regenerating the second lixiviant for recycle to the second leaching step.

There are provided processes comprising submitting an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate and/or bisulfate to an electrolysis or an electrodialysis for converting at least a portion of said sulphate into lithium hydroxide. During electrolysis or electrodialysis, the aqueous composition is at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 1 to about 4; and converting said lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate. Alternatively, lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate can be submitted to a first electromembrane process that comprises a two-compartment membrane process for conversion of lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate to lithium hydroxide, and obtaining a first lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a first lithium hydroxide-enriched aqueous stream; and submitting said first lithium-reduced aqueous stream to a second electromembrane process comprising a three-compartment membrane process to prepare at least a further portion of lithium hydroxide and obtaining a second lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a second lithium-hydroxide enriched aqueous stream.