A chemical treatment process has been identified as a simple and effective means of improving the bonding of injection-molded polymer to titanium surfaces. This process forms an oxide layer on a titanium surface that includes a layered double hydroxide. The layered double hydroxide both raises the bond strength and minimizes air or water leakage. The process enables the use of titanium alloys with injection molded polymer structural bonds in strong, lightweight, and water-resistant enclosures for consumer electronics.

A preparation and a process for the surface pretreatment of titanium or titanium alloys containing 200 to 400 g/l NaOH and 10 to 150 g/l MGDA in water, wherein the preparation has a pH of at least 12, and preferably 13.

A preparation and a process for the surface pretreatment of titanium or titanium alloys containing 200 to 400 g/l NaOH and 10 to 150 g/l MGDA in water, wherein the preparation has a pH of at least 12, and preferably 13.

An adhesive (B) of solvent containing adhesive as a suspension of low viscosity is prepared by adding a solvent MIBK to a one-part epoxy adhesive of a dicyandiamide-curable type (A). Metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) as adherends are prepared each of which, through various surface treatment, has specific surface configuration of roughened face and/or ultrafine irregularities and the surface is entirely covered with a thin layer of ceramics such as a metal oxide or metal phosphate. The specified face of each metal shaped article (M1 to M5) is painted with the solvent containing adhesive (B). The faces painted with the adhesive of two metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) are caused to abut each other, the articles are heated to cure the one-epoxy adhesive to accomplish adhesion. With one of the adherends replaced by a CFRP shaped article (P2), a composite of a metal and CFRP can be formed.

An adhesive (B) of solvent containing adhesive as a suspension of low viscosity is prepared by adding a solvent MIBK to a one-part epoxy adhesive of a dicyandiamide-curable type (A). Metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) as adherends are prepared each of which, through various surface treatment, has specific surface configuration of roughened face and/or ultrafine irregularities and the surface is entirely covered with a thin layer of ceramics such as a metal oxide or metal phosphate. The specified face of each metal shaped article (M1 to M5) is painted with the solvent containing adhesive (B). The faces painted with the adhesive of two metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) are caused to abut each other, the articles are heated to cure the one-epoxy adhesive to accomplish adhesion. With one of the adherends replaced by a CFRP shaped article (P2), a composite of a metal and CFRP can be formed.

Provided is a color-treated substrate and a substrate color treatment method therefor. The color-treated substrate includes a carbon layer and can thus implement the high hardness and various colors of a metal substrate, and includes an interlayer containing metal hydroxide to enhance contacting force between the carbon layer and the metal substrate, and thus has excellent durability and excellent corrosion resistance.

A process for the preparation of a topography for improved protein adherence on a body made of titanium or a titanium alloy wherein the process includes the subsequent steps of pre-treating the surface including etching the surface with an etching solution containing a mineral acid, and forming on the pre-treated surface obtained under titanate-including sub-microscopic structures by treating the pre-treated surface with an aqueous solution containing an oxidative agent, the sub-microscopic structures extending in at least two dimensions to 1 m at most.

A process for the preparation of a topography for improved protein adherence on a body made of titanium or a titanium alloy wherein the process includes the subsequent steps of pre-treating the surface including etching the surface with an etching solution containing a mineral acid, and forming on the pre-treated surface obtained under titanate-including sub-microscopic structures by treating the pre-treated surface with an aqueous solution containing an oxidative agent, the sub-microscopic structures extending in at least two dimensions to 1 m at most.

An adhesive (B) of solvent containing adhesive as a suspension of low viscosity is prepared by adding a solvent MIBK to a one-part epoxy adhesive of a dicyandiamide-curable type (A). Metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) as adherends are prepared each of which, through various surface treatment, has specific surface configuration of roughened face and/or ultrafine irregularities and the surface is entirely covered with a thin layer of ceramics such as a metal oxide or metal phosphate. The specified face of each metal shaped article (M1 to M5) is painted with the solvent containing adhesive (B). The faces painted with the adhesive of two metal shaped articles (M1 to M5) are caused to abut each other, the articles are heated to cure the one-epoxy adhesive to accomplish adhesion. With one of the adherends replaced by a CFRP shaped article (P2), a composite of a metal and CFRP can be formed.

A preparation and a process for the surface pretreatment of titanium or titanium alloys containing 200 to 400 g/l NaOH and 10 to 150 g/l MGDA in water, wherein the preparation has a pH of at least 12, and preferably 13, and wherein a content of further substances is less than 1 g/l.