A method of providing an oxidation resistant coating is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate having a first surface and cooling holes. A portable coating device includes electro-spark deposition (ESD) equipment and an ESD torch connected with the ESD equipment. The ESD torch has an inert gas source and a rotary electrode conductive material. The rotary electrode is positioned within the ESD torch, and is shielded by an inert gas. The rotary electrode applies a compositionally controlled protective coating to the first surface of the substrate. Then the rotary electrode is inserted into the cooling hole and generates an electrospark between rotary ESD electrode and the substrate to form a rounded edge and deposit a coating of electrode material alloy at a cooling hole edge.

A method of providing an oxidation resistant coating is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate having a first surface and cooling holes. A portable coating device includes electro-spark deposition (ESD) equipment and an ESD torch connected with the ESD equipment. The ESD torch has an inert gas source and a rotary electrode conductive material. The rotary electrode is positioned within the ESD torch, and is shielded by an inert gas. The rotary electrode applies a compositionally controlled protective coating to the first surface of the substrate. Then the rotary electrode is inserted into the cooling hole and generates an electrospark between rotary ESD electrode and the substrate to form a rounded edge and deposit a coating of electrode material alloy at a cooling hole edge.

A tool bit with a surface layer metallurgically bonded on a substrate layer using electrospark deposition (ESD) that allows the tool bit to reduce camout and engage a fastener head for one-handed starting and removal. The surface layer has a rougher finish, compared to conventional tool bits, and therefore better grips engagement surfaces of a mating recess of the fastener during use. The reduction of camout provides greater durability to the tool bit and resists erosion and wear of the engagement surfaces of the fastener.

A tool bit with a surface layer metallurgically bonded on a substrate layer using electrospark deposition (ESD) that allows the tool bit to reduce camout and engage a fastener head for one-handed starting and removal. The surface layer has a rougher finish, compared to conventional tool bits, and therefore better grips engagement surfaces of a mating recess of the fastener during use. The reduction of camout provides greater durability to the tool bit and resists erosion and wear of the engagement surfaces of the fastener.

A method compacts an anti-corrosive paint having metal particles of a mechanical part such as a turbine engine part. The mechanical part extends along a longitudinal axis X and has a radially outer surface covered with a first layer of anti-corrosive paint. The method includes at least one step of generating a laser beam on the first layer of anti-corrosive paint to bring the metal particles into contact and to render the anti-corrosive paint electrically conductive.

Methods and compositions are provided for improving metal dusting corrosion, abrasion resistance and/or erosion resistance for various materials, preferably for applications relating to high-temperature reactors, including dense fluidized bed reactor components. In particular, cermets comprising (a) at least one ceramic phase selected from the group consisting of metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal borides, metal oxides, metal carbonitrides, and mixtures of thereof and (b) at least one metal alloy binder phase are provided. Ceramic phase materials include chromium carbide (Cr.sub.23C.sub.6). Metal alloy binder phase materials include β-NiAl intermetallic alloys and Ni.sub.3Sn.sub.2 intermetallic alloys, as well as alloys that contain α-Cr and/or γ′-Ni.sub.3Al hard phases. Preferably, bimetallic materials are provided when the cermet compositions are applied using a laser, e.g., a laser cladding method such as high power direct diode (HPDD) laser, or by plasma-based methods such as plasma transfer arc (PTA) welding and powder plasma welding (PPW).

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.

The present invention disclosed a method of producing a three-dimensional porous tissue in-growth structure. The method includes the steps of depositing a first layer of metal powder and scanning the first layer of metal powder with a laser beam to form a portion of a plurality of predetermined unit cells. Depositing at least one additional layer of metal powder onto a previous layer and repeating the step of scanning a laser beam for at least one of the additional layers in order to continuing forming the predetermined unit cells. The method further includes continuing the depositing and scanning steps to form a medical implant.

A tool bit with a surface layer metallurgically bonded on a substrate layer using electrospark deposition (ESD) that allows the tool bit to reduce camout and engage a fastener head for one-handed starting and removal. The surface layer has a rougher finish, compared to conventional tool bits, and therefore better grips engagement surfaces of a mating recess of the fastener during use. The reduction of camout provides greater durability to the tool bit and resists erosion and wear of the engagement surfaces of the fastener.

A tool bit with a surface layer metallurgically bonded on a substrate layer using electrospark deposition (ESD) that allows the tool bit to reduce camout and engage a fastener head for one-handed starting and removal. The surface layer has a rougher finish, compared to conventional tool bits, and therefore better grips engagement surfaces of a mating recess of the fastener during use. The reduction of camout provides greater durability to the tool bit and resists erosion and wear of the engagement surfaces of the fastener.