The present disclosure broadly relates to a process for preparing aqueous solutions of vanadium sulfates or aqueous solutions of transition metal sulfates. More specifically, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to a direct electrochemical process in which a suspension, obtained by slurrying transition metals oxides such as oxides of vanadium, oxides of iron, oxides of cobalt, oxides of nickel, oxides of chromium, oxides of manganese, oxides of titanium, oxides of cerium, oxides of praseodymium, oxides of europium, oxides of terbium, oxides of uranium, oxides of plutonium, or their mixtures thereof with sulfuric acid as carrier fluid, is reduced electrochemically inside the cathode compartment of an electrolyzer to produce an aqueous solution of vanadium sulfates or of transition metal sulfates. Simultaneously, oxidizing co-products are produced in the anode compartment.

Metal oxide particles, preferably crystalline transition metal oxide particles, made via a continuous process comprising application of a voltage across an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution includes a transition metal salt dissolved in water, and preferably also includes a compound for increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte. The particles made by the processes disclosed herein, can have sizes in the micrometer or nanometer ranges. The oxide particles can have a variety of uses, including for charge storage devices. As an example, crystalline manganese oxide nanoparticles, and methods for making the same, are disclosed for a variety of uses including lithium ion batteries.

Metal oxide particles, preferably crystalline transition metal oxide particles, made via a continuous process comprising application of a voltage across an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution includes a transition metal salt dissolved in water, and preferably also includes a compound for increasing the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte. The particles made by the processes disclosed herein, can have sizes in the micrometer or nanometer ranges. The oxide particles can have a variety of uses, including for charge storage devices. As an example, crystalline manganese oxide nanoparticles, and methods for making the same, are disclosed for a variety of uses including lithium ion batteries.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in cell performance in high rate discharge and middle rate discharge when used as a cathode material for alkaline manganese dry cells, and a method for its production. Electrolytic manganese dioxide, characterized in that the average size of mesopores is at least 6.5 nm and at most 10 nm, and the alkali potential is at least 290 mV and at most 350 mV; a method for its production and its application.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in cell performance in high rate discharge and middle rate discharge when used as a cathode material for alkaline manganese dry cells, and a method for its production. Electrolytic manganese dioxide, characterized in that the average size of mesopores is at least 6.5 nm and at most 10 nm, and the alkali potential is at least 290 mV and at most 350 mV; a method for its production and its application.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in packing property and high-rate discharge characteristics when used as a cathode material for alkaline dry cells. Electrolytic manganese dioxide in which the half-value width of the (110) plane in XRD measurement using CuKα line as the radiation source is at least 1.8° and less than 2.2°, the peak intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peaks (110)/(021) is at least 0.70 and at most 1.00, and the JIS-pH (JIS K1467) is at least 1.5 and less than 5.0; a method for producing the electrolytic manganese dioxide; and its application.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in packing property and high-rate discharge characteristics when used as a cathode material for alkaline dry cells. Electrolytic manganese dioxide in which the half-value width of the (110) plane in XRD measurement using CuKα line as the radiation source is at least 1.8° and less than 2.2°, the peak intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peaks (110)/(021) is at least 0.70 and at most 1.00, and the JIS-pH (JIS K1467) is at least 1.5 and less than 5.0; a method for producing the electrolytic manganese dioxide; and its application.

A method for stepwise extraction of silica and hydroxide from silicate substances. The silicate substances are leached by chlorine-containing inorganic acids, and the hydroxides are extracted step by step from the leaching liquor by electrochemical deposition method; The raw material of the powder is put in the reactor, inorganic acids, water-soluble alcohol and water are added as the leaching liquor, heated and reacted under the condition of 0.1 MPa or more, and the acidic multi-ion mixed solution and filter residue are obtained by filtration. The acidic multi-ion mixed solution is heated and boiled, and the silicon-containing volatile components are collected, decomposed and deposited in the collector; The deposited volatile components is dried to obtain high purity silica powder; The filter residue is washed and dried to obtain silica; The hydroxides are extracted from the acidic multi-ion mixed solution by electrochemical deposition method.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in low rate characteristics and middle rate characteristics when used as a cathode material for alkaline manganese dry cells, and a method for its production.

Electrolytic manganese dioxide of which the apparent density is at least 4.0 g/cm.sup.3 and at most 4.3 g/cm.sup.3, and the mode particle size is at least 30 μm and at most 100 μm; a method for its production and its application.

To provide electrolytic manganese dioxide excellent in low rate characteristics and middle rate characteristics when used as a cathode material for alkaline manganese dry cells, and a method for its production.

Electrolytic manganese dioxide of which the apparent density is at least 4.0 g/cm.sup.3 and at most 4.3 g/cm.sup.3, and the mode particle size is at least 30 μm and at most 100 μm; a method for its production and its application.