An electrolytic reaction system for generating gaseous hydrogen and oxygen includes a reaction chamber for accommodating an electrolyte as well as an electrode arrangement, which is formed of anodic and cathodic electrodes. Between lateral surfaces of electrodes arranged to be spaced apart from one another, at least one flow channel for the electrolyte is formed, which extends between a first axial end for admitting the electrolyte into the electrode arrangement and a second axial end for discharging the electrolyte out of the electrode arrangement. The at least one flow channel has at least one first flow cross-section and at least one second flow cross-section, wherein the second flow cross-section has a smaller size than the first flow channel, and the comparatively smaller second flow cross-section is formed in a partial section of the at least one flow channel closest to the second axial end of the electrode arrangement.

An electrolytic reaction system for generating gaseous hydrogen and oxygen includes a reaction chamber for accommodating an electrolyte as well as an electrode arrangement, which is formed of anodic and cathodic electrodes. Between lateral surfaces of electrodes arranged to be spaced apart from one another, at least one flow channel for the electrolyte is formed, which extends between a first axial end for admitting the electrolyte into the electrode arrangement and a second axial end for discharging the electrolyte out of the electrode arrangement. The at least one flow channel has at least one first flow cross-section and at least one second flow cross-section, wherein the second flow cross-section has a smaller size than the first flow channel, and the comparatively smaller second flow cross-section is formed in a partial section of the at least one flow channel closest to the second axial end of the electrode arrangement.

A cobalt catalyst and a preparation method thereof are provided. The cobalt catalyst includes a carrier and a catalytically active substance; the carrier is a cobalt-based substrate material; the catalytically active substance is grown on the surface of the carrier, and the catalytically active substance has a morphology of hydrangea-shaped nanospheres. The cobalt catalyst is an autogenously grown monolithic nanosphere catalyst with a three-dimensional structure assembled by nano-sheets on the catalyst surface. The cobalt catalyst has a high specific surface area and can fully expose the catalytically active sites to enhance the catalytic efficiency. Compared to a nanowire catalyst, the cobalt catalyst has better self-supporting properties, and the active components are not easily aggregated nor fall off during a use process. Therefore, the cobalt catalyst has a longer service life.

A cobalt catalyst and a preparation method thereof are provided. The cobalt catalyst includes a carrier and a catalytically active substance; the carrier is a cobalt-based substrate material; the catalytically active substance is grown on the surface of the carrier, and the catalytically active substance has a morphology of hydrangea-shaped nanospheres. The cobalt catalyst is an autogenously grown monolithic nanosphere catalyst with a three-dimensional structure assembled by nano-sheets on the catalyst surface. The cobalt catalyst has a high specific surface area and can fully expose the catalytically active sites to enhance the catalytic efficiency. Compared to a nanowire catalyst, the cobalt catalyst has better self-supporting properties, and the active components are not easily aggregated nor fall off during a use process. Therefore, the cobalt catalyst has a longer service life.

A device for catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) includes a substrate having a surface, an array of conductive projections supported by the substrate and extending outward from the surface of the substrate, each conductive projection of the array of conductive projections having a semiconductor composition, and a plurality of nanoparticles disposed over the array of conductive projections, each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles being configured for the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). Each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles includes a metal sulfide, the metal sulfide including a d-block metal.

Provided herein, are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique ribs and welds configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Provided herein, are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique ribs and welds configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.

Herein discussed is a method of producing hydrogen comprising introducing a first stream comprising a fuel to an electrochemical (EC) reactor having a mixed-conducting membrane, introducing a second stream comprising water to the reactor, reducing the water in the second stream to produce hydrogen, and recycling at least portion of the produced hydrogen to the first stream, wherein the membrane comprises an electronically conducting phase and an ionically conducting phase; and wherein the first stream and the second stream do not come in contact with each other in the reactor.

A coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite is disclosed. The coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite has a structure in which algae-like transition metal-doped nickel phosphide nanosheets are deposited on coral-like tungsten oxide nanostructures grown vertically on a substrate. This structure allows the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite to have a large surface area, which leads to a significant increase in the number of catalytic active sites, and ensures high conductivity and electrochemical stability of the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite. Due to these advantages, the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite has a low overpotential and superior hydrogen evolution reaction or oxygen evolution reaction efficiency when applied to a water splitting catalyst under alkaline conditions. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite and a catalyst for electrochemical water splitting including the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions. In an embodiment, a composition is provided. The composition includes an electrolyte material or an ion thereof, an amphiphile material or an ion thereof, and a metal component, the metal component comprising an alloy having the formula (M.sup.1).sub.a(M.sup.2).sub.b, wherein M.sup.1 is a Group 10-11 metal of the periodic table of the elements, M.sup.2 is a first Group 8-11 metal of the periodic table of the elements, M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are different, and a and b are positive numbers. In another embodiment, a device is provided that includes an electrolyte material or ion thereof, an amphiphile material or ion thereof, and a metal component disposed on an electrode, the metal component comprising a bimetallic nanoframe, a trimetallic nanoframe, or a combination thereof.