A wastewater to chemical fuel conversion device is provided that includes a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber, where the first chamber includes a bio-photoanode, where the second chamber includes a photocathode, where a backside of the bio-photoanode abuts a first side of a planatized fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, where a backside of the photocathode abuts a second side of the FTO glass, where a proton exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the second chamber, where the first chamber includes a wastewater input and a reclaimed water output, where the second chamber includes a solar light input and a H.sub.2 gas output, where the solar light input is disposed for solar light illumination of the first chamber and the second chamber.

An ammonia production method is a method of producing ammonia from nitrogen molecule using electron supplied from a power supply in the presence of a complex and a proton source. The complex used is, for example, a molybdenum complex (1) that is carried on Merrifield resin. The proton source used is an electrolyte membrane, a solution used in a cathode tank, or both the electrolyte membrane and the solution used in the cathode tank:

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The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO.sub.2RR) provides opportunities to synthesize value-added products from this greenhouse gas in a sustainable manner. Efficient catalysts for this reaction are provided that selectively drive CO.sub.2 reduction over the thermodynamic and kinetically competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in organic or aqueous electrolytes. The catalysts are metal-polypyridyl coordination complexes of a redox non-innocent terpyridine-based pentapyridine ligand and a first-row transition metal. The metal-ligand cooperativity in [Fe(tpyPY2Me)].sup.2+ drives the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO at low overpotentials with high selectivity for CO.sub.2RR (>90%).

The present invention realizes industrially excellent effects such that when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a longer period of time, and in addition, the present invention provides a technique that enables forming a catalyst layer of an oxygen generation anode, which gives such excellent effects, with a more versatile materials and by a simple electrolysis method. Provided are an alkaline water electrolysis method including supplying an electrolyte obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing a hybrid nickel-iron hydroxide nanosheet (NiFe-ns) being a composite of a metal hydroxide and an organic substance to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and using the electrolyte for electrolysis in each chamber in common, an alkaline water electrolysis method including supplying an electrolyte obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing the NiFe-ns to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and performing electrolytic deposition of the NiFe-ns in the electrolytic cell during operation to electrolytically deposit the NiFe-ns on a surface of an electrically conductive substrate having a catalyst layer formed on a surface of an oxygen generation anode, thereby recovering and improving electrolysis performance, and an alkaline water electrolysis anode.

The present invention realizes industrially excellent effects such that when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a longer period of time, and in addition, the present invention provides a technique that enables forming a catalyst layer of an oxygen generation anode, which gives such excellent effects, with a more versatile materials and by a simple electrolysis method. Provided are an alkaline water electrolysis method including supplying an electrolyte obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing a hybrid nickel-iron hydroxide nanosheet (NiFe-ns) being a composite of a metal hydroxide and an organic substance to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and using the electrolyte for electrolysis in each chamber in common, an alkaline water electrolysis method including supplying an electrolyte obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing the NiFe-ns to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and performing electrolytic deposition of the NiFe-ns in the electrolytic cell during operation to electrolytically deposit the NiFe-ns on a surface of an electrically conductive substrate having a catalyst layer formed on a surface of an oxygen generation anode, thereby recovering and improving electrolysis performance, and an alkaline water electrolysis anode.

This invention relates to a process for the electrochemical synthesis of green urea, and the urea produced thereby. The electrochemical synthesis of urea involves the reduction of dual purging gases N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 via six electron transfer process (N.sub.2+CO.sub.2+6H.sup.++6e.sup.−.fwdarw.CO (NH.sub.2).sub.2+H.sub.2O) & reduction of the NO.sub.3.sup.− ions and CO.sub.2 via sixteen electron transfer process (2NO.sub.3.sup.−+CO.sub.2+18H.sup.++16e.sup.−.fwdarw.CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2+7H.sub.2O) under ambient condition using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) catalyst. The binding of two intermediate products during dual reduction simultaneously, leads to the production of urea in water medium under ambient conditions.

This invention relates to a process for the electrochemical synthesis of green urea, and the urea produced thereby. The electrochemical synthesis of urea involves the reduction of dual purging gases N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 via six electron transfer process (N.sub.2+CO.sub.2+6H.sup.++6e.sup.−.fwdarw.CO (NH.sub.2).sub.2+H.sub.2O) & reduction of the NO.sub.3.sup.− ions and CO.sub.2 via sixteen electron transfer process (2NO.sub.3.sup.−+CO.sub.2+18H.sup.++16e.sup.−.fwdarw.CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2+7H.sub.2O) under ambient condition using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) catalyst. The binding of two intermediate products during dual reduction simultaneously, leads to the production of urea in water medium under ambient conditions.

Provided is a high-entropy composite glycerate represented by NiCrFeCoMn(C.sub.3H.sub.5O.sub.4).sub.n and an electrocatalyst thereof, wherein n is a positive integer from 1 to 3, and wherein each of the Ni, Cr, Fe, Co and Mn includes an atom percent of 5 to 35 based on the total amount of the Ni, Cr, Fe, Co and Mn. Each of the metals is homogenously distributed within the high-entropy composite glycerate, and the high-entropy composite glycerate can reduce an overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction by the synergistic effect resulting from the structure formed by the quinary-metal glycerate. The high-entropy composite glycerate is suitable for catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction, and therefore has a prospect for application. Methods for preparing the high-entropy composite glycerate are also provided.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions, devices, systems and uses that pertain to the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO. The application presents a class of electrodes, incorporating molecular catalysts in nanostructures, for robust and efficient electrochemical systems, specifically, selective and robust hybrid electrodes, by incorporating a rhenium (Re) catalyst into the structure of highly porous heterogeneous materials. These electrodes can be scaled up to desired manufacturing dimensions due to their robust nature and methods of preparation.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions, devices, systems and uses that pertain to the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO. The application presents a class of electrodes, incorporating molecular catalysts in nanostructures, for robust and efficient electrochemical systems, specifically, selective and robust hybrid electrodes, by incorporating a rhenium (Re) catalyst into the structure of highly porous heterogeneous materials. These electrodes can be scaled up to desired manufacturing dimensions due to their robust nature and methods of preparation.