Disclosed are membrane electrode assemblies having a cathode layer comprising a carbon oxide reduction catalyst that promotes reduction of a carbon oxide; an anode layer comprising a catalyst that promotes oxidation of a water; a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) layer disposed between, and in contact with, the cathode layer and the anode layer; and a salt having a concentration of at least about 10 uM in at least a portion of the MEA.

Disclosed are membrane electrode assemblies having a cathode layer comprising a carbon oxide reduction catalyst that promotes reduction of a carbon oxide; an anode layer comprising a catalyst that promotes oxidation of a water; a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) layer disposed between, and in contact with, the cathode layer and the anode layer; and a salt having a concentration of at least about 10 uM in at least a portion of the MEA.

Electrocatalytic apparatus for the simultaneous conversion of methane and CO.sub.2 into methanol via an elctrochemical reactor operating at ambient temperature and pressure, said electrochemical reactor simultaneously converts CO.sub.2 to methanol by surficial catalytic reaction on the cathode, and methane to methanol by surficial catalytic reaction on the anode. The electrochemical reactor futher works with an electrolyte consisting of electrolytic complexes of water-soluable transition metals and small molecules as co-catalyst of the electrocatalytic reactions and facilitator of ionic transfer and solubility of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 molecules in the electrolyte. The electrochemical reactor is further equipped with zero-gap membrane electrocatalytic electrode assemlics, the cathode and anode comprising two electrocatalytic mesoporous surfaces and being tubular and coaxial, delineating two regions, which are separated one from the other by an ion exchange membrane (27). The tubular electrodes pack vertically together, the external gaps being filled by an insulating material. The packed electrodes are electronically connected to the power source in a parallel electrical circuit.

Electrocatalytic apparatus for the simultaneous conversion of methane and CO.sub.2 into methanol via an elctrochemical reactor operating at ambient temperature and pressure, said electrochemical reactor simultaneously converts CO.sub.2 to methanol by surficial catalytic reaction on the cathode, and methane to methanol by surficial catalytic reaction on the anode. The electrochemical reactor futher works with an electrolyte consisting of electrolytic complexes of water-soluable transition metals and small molecules as co-catalyst of the electrocatalytic reactions and facilitator of ionic transfer and solubility of CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 molecules in the electrolyte. The electrochemical reactor is further equipped with zero-gap membrane electrocatalytic electrode assemlics, the cathode and anode comprising two electrocatalytic mesoporous surfaces and being tubular and coaxial, delineating two regions, which are separated one from the other by an ion exchange membrane (27). The tubular electrodes pack vertically together, the external gaps being filled by an insulating material. The packed electrodes are electronically connected to the power source in a parallel electrical circuit.

An electrochemical method includes performing anodic halogenation of Cu foils, performing subsequent oxide-formation in a KHCO.sub.3 electrolyte, and performing an electroreduction in neutral KHCO.sub.3 to generate a copper catalyst.

An electrochemical method includes performing anodic halogenation of Cu foils, performing subsequent oxide-formation in a KHCO.sub.3 electrolyte, and performing an electroreduction in neutral KHCO.sub.3 to generate a copper catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for electrochemical production of a product in an electrochemical cell comprising an extraction compartment. The extraction compartment comprises a liquid comprising a dissolved polyelectrolyte. The method comprises producing cations at an anode, producing anions at a cathode and transporting the ions through ion- selective membranes into the extraction compartment where the product is formed. The invention further relates to an electrochemical cell for use in the method.

A carbon dioxide gas phase reduction device includes an oxidation tank including an oxidation electrode, a reduction tank to which carbon dioxide is supplied, an intermediate tank that is disposed between the oxidation tank and the reduction tank and capable of pouring and discharging an electrolytic solution, an ion exchange membrane disposed between the oxidation tank and the intermediate tank, a gas reduction sheet in which an ion exchange membrane and a reduction electrode are laminated and which is disposed between the reduction tank and the intermediate tank with the ion exchange membrane facing the intermediate tank and the reduction electrode facing the reduction tank, and a conducting wire connecting the oxidation electrode to the reduction electrode.

A carbon dioxide gas phase reduction device includes an oxidation tank including an oxidation electrode, a reduction tank to which carbon dioxide is supplied, an intermediate tank that is disposed between the oxidation tank and the reduction tank and capable of pouring and discharging an electrolytic solution, an ion exchange membrane disposed between the oxidation tank and the intermediate tank, a gas reduction sheet in which an ion exchange membrane and a reduction electrode are laminated and which is disposed between the reduction tank and the intermediate tank with the ion exchange membrane facing the intermediate tank and the reduction electrode facing the reduction tank, and a conducting wire connecting the oxidation electrode to the reduction electrode.

Methods and systems related to the field of electrolyzers are disclosed. An electrolyzer assembly is disclosed which includes a stack of cells, a plurality of polar plates in the stack of cells, a plurality of flow fields between the plurality of polar plates, a conduit fluidly connecting flow fields in the plurality of flow fields, an electrically conductive fluid in the conduit, a plurality of insulating layers arranged between a conductive surface of the plurality of flow fields and the conduit, and a plurality of openings in the plurality of insulating layers providing a plurality of fluid connections between the conduit and the plurality of flow fields.