A method of forming a metal coated article, comprises forming a metal halide in a molten salt plating bath at a first temperature, wherein forming the metal halide in the molten salt further comprises forming at least one functional metal halide electrolyte; and forming at least two auxiliary metal halide electrolytes at eutectic conditions; increasing the first temperature to a second temperature; forming a plated metal coating from the at least one functional metal halide electrolyte, onto a thermally conductive substrate; and introducing at least one of deuterium and tritium into the plated metal coating.

An electroplating system includes an enclosure with an interior, an anode lead extending through the enclosure and into the interior, and a porous body. The porous body is supported within the interior of the enclosure for coupling an electroplating solution within the interior with a workpiece. A conduit extends through the enclosure and into the interior of the enclosure to provide a flow of nitrogen enriched air to the interior of enclosure for drying and removing oxygen from the electroplating solution.

The method for producing an electrolytic aluminum foil of the present disclosure is a method for producing an electrolytic aluminum foil, the method including supplying an electrolytic solution in an electrolytic cell provided with a diaphragm between an anode and a cathode and depositing an aluminum foil on a surface of the cathode by electrolysis, wherein the diaphragm is made of aluminum having a purity of 85.0% or more and has a plurality of pores having an average pore diameter of 100 to 1000 μm.

A lithium metal electrode has no more than five ppm of non-metallic elements by mass, and is bonded to a conductive substrate. Optionally, the lithium metal electrode may be bonded on one side to a conductive substrate and on another side to a lithium ion selective membrane. The lithium metal electrode may be integrated into lithium metal batteries. The inventive lithium metal electrode may be manufactured by a process involving electrolysis of lithium ions from an aqueous lithium salt solution through an ion selective membrane, carried out under a blanketing atmosphere having no more than 10 ppm of non-metallic elements, the electrolysis being performed at a constant current between about 10 mA/cm.sup.2 and about 50 mA/cm.sup.2, and wherein the constant current is applied for a time between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes.

The present disclosure generally relates to a method for electroplating (or electrodeposition) a transition metal oxide composition that may be used in gas sensors, biological cell sensors, supercapacitors, catalysts for fuel cells and metal air batteries, nano and optoelectronic devices, filtration devices, structural components, and energy storage devices. The method includes electrodepositing the electrochemically active transition metal oxide composition onto a working electrode in an electrodeposition bath containing a molten salt electrolyte and a transition metal ion source. The electrode structure can be used for various applications such as electrochemical energy storage devices including high power and high-energy primary or secondary batteries.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a coating composition and a method of using the same for forming metal coatings on substrates. In particular embodiments, the coating composition comprises a deep eutectic solvent and/or an ionic liquid; a metal precursor; an alkali metal salt; and an optional additive component. The coating composition and method embodiments disclosed herein provide durable, even, high-surface area coatings on various types of substrates and also can be used at low temperatures.

A novel eutectic solvent (NES) includes one or more derivative(s) of methanesulfonic, one or more ammonium salt(s) and one or more hydrogen bond donor(s). The disclosed NES may exhibit qualities such as low freezing and eutectic points, low viscosity, negligible vapor pressure, non-volatility, less water content, high potential window, high thermal stability, high solubility, long shelf life, high recyclability, high biodegradability, high ionic character, air and moisture stability, non-corrosive, non-mutagenic, economical, non-flammable, etc., hence having broader applications.

In certain aspects, a coated steel substrate comprises a single or multiple-layer electroplated aluminum coating over a steel substrate. The multiple-layer electroplated aluminum coating comprises one or more porous layers and one or more compact layers. The one or more porous layers comprise a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys. The one or more compact layers comprise a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys. In certain aspects, a method of depositing a multiple-layer aluminum coating over a steel substrate includes electroplating one or more porous aluminum layers over the steel substrate. The one or more porous aluminum layers comprise a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys. One or more compact aluminum layers are electroplated over the steel substrate. The one or more compact aluminum layers comprise a material selected from a group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a coating composition and a method of using the same for forming metal coatings on substrates. In particular embodiments, the coating composition comprises a deep eutectic solvent and/or an ionic liquid; a metal precursor; an alkaline salt; and an optional additive component. The coating composition and method embodiments disclosed herein provide durable, even, high-surface area coatings on various types of substrates and also can be used at low temperatures.

A lithium metal electrode is manufactured according to a process that bonds a layer of lithium metal to a conductive substrate on one side and to an ion selective membrane on another side. The lithium metal electrode may be integrated into lithium metal batteries. The inventive lithium metal electrode may be manufactured by a process involving electrolysis of lithium ions from an aqueous lithium salt solution through an ion selective membrane, carried out under a blanketing atmosphere having no more than 10 ppm of non-metallic elements, the electrolysis being performed at a constant current between about 10 mA/cm.sup.2 and about 50 mA/cm.sup.2, and wherein the constant current is applied for a time between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes.