Provided is a carbon fiber manufacturing method including a surface treatment step of ejecting an ozone solution in which ozone is dissolved in solvent from a fluid ejecting port toward a carbon fiber bundle and causing the ozone solution to pass between single fibers of the carbon fiber bundle so as to contact surfaces of the single fibers so that the surfaces of carbon fibers are treated by the ozone solution. Also, provided is a carbon fiber subjected to a surface treatment by the carbon fiber manufacturing method.

A method of producing carbon nanofibers is disclosed that substantially impacts the carbon nanofibers' chemical and physical properties. Such carbon nanofibers include a semi-graphitic carbon material characterized by wavy graphite planes ranging from 0.1 nm to 1 nm and oriented parallel to an axis of a respective carbon nanofiber, the semi-graphitic carbon material also being characterized by an inclusion of 4 to 10 atomic percent of nitrogen heteroatoms, the nitrogen heteroatoms including a combined percentage of quaternary and pyridinic nitrogen groups equal to or greater than 60% of the nitrogen heteroatoms. The method of manufacture includes, for example, preparing a Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based precursor solution, providing the PAN-based precursor solution to a spinneret and then performing an electro-spinning operation on the PAN-based precursor solution to create the one or more PAN-based nanofibers. The electro-spinning operation includes passing the PAN-based precursor solution from the spinneret to a collector at a distance between 1 cm to 30 cm while providing an Alternating Current (AC) voltage between the spinneret and the collector, the AC voltage including a frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 100,000 Hz and either a Peak-to-Peak (P-P) voltage ranging from 100 V to 30,000 V or a Root-Mean-Square (RMS) voltage ranging from 100 V to 30,000 V. Afterwards, post-electro-spinning operations, stabilizing treatments and pyrolysis treatments are performed.

A method of producing carbon nanofibers is disclosed that substantially impacts the carbon nanofibers' chemical and physical properties. Such carbon nanofibers include a semi-graphitic carbon material characterized by wavy graphite planes ranging from 0.1 nm to 1 nm and oriented parallel to an axis of a respective carbon nanofiber, the semi-graphitic carbon material also being characterized by an inclusion of 4 to 10 atomic percent of nitrogen heteroatoms, the nitrogen heteroatoms including a combined percentage of quaternary and pyridinic nitrogen groups equal to or greater than 60% of the nitrogen heteroatoms. The method of manufacture includes, for example, preparing a Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based precursor solution, providing the PAN-based precursor solution to a spinneret and then performing an electro-spinning operation on the PAN-based precursor solution to create the one or more PAN-based nanofibers. The electro-spinning operation includes passing the PAN-based precursor solution from the spinneret to a collector at a distance between 1 cm to 30 cm while providing an Alternating Current (AC) voltage between the spinneret and the collector, the AC voltage including a frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 100,000 Hz and either a Peak-to-Peak (P-P) voltage ranging from 100 V to 30,000 V or a Root-Mean-Square (RMS) voltage ranging from 100 V to 30,000 V. Afterwards, post-electro-spinning operations, stabilizing treatments and pyrolysis treatments are performed.

A method of manufacturing a graphene fiber is provided. The method includes preparing a source solution including graphene oxide, supplying the source solution into a base solution containing a foreign element to form a graphene oxide fiber, separating the graphene fiber from the base solution and cleaning and drying to obtain the graphene oxide fiber containing the foreign element, and performing thermal treatment to the dried graphene oxide fiber containing the foreign element to form a graphene fiber doped with the foreign element. Elongation percentage of the graphene fiber is adjusted by concentration and spinning rate of the source solution.

Provided in the present disclosure are a nickel-plated carbon fiber film, a manufacturing method of the nickel-plated carbon fiber film, a shielding structure and a preparation method of the shielding structure. The nickel-plated carbon fiber film comprises: at least one carbon fiber base fabric, metal colloid particles adhering to a surface of the carbon fiber base fabric; at least one nickel metal layer, which is provided on a surface of the carbon fiber base fabric and a surface of the metal colloid particles that is far from the carbon fiber base fabric.

One aspect of the present application relates to a method of synthesizing a thermoplastic polymer. This method includes providing a depolymerized lignin product comprising monomers and oligomers and producing lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers from the depolymerized lignin product. A thermoplastic lignin (meth)acrylate polymer is then formed by free radical polymerization of the lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers. The present application also relates to a branched chain thermoplastic lignin (meth)acrylate polymer which includes a chain transfer agent. The thermoplastic lignin based polymers of the present application can be used to prepare carbon fibers, and engineering thermoplastics. Mixtures of lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers are also disclosed.

A method of producing carbon nanofibers is disclosed that substantially impacts the carbon nanofibers' chemical and physical properties. Such carbon nanofibers include a semi-graphitic carbon material characterized by wavy graphite planes ranging from 0.1 nm to 1 nm and oriented parallel to an axis of a respective carbon nanofiber, the semi-graphitic carbon material also being characterized by an inclusion of 4 to 10 atomic percent of nitrogen heteroatoms, the nitrogen heteroatoms including a combined percentage of quaternary and pyridinic nitrogen groups equal to or greater than 60% of the nitrogen heteroatoms. The method of manufacture includes, for example, preparing a Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based precursor solution, providing the PAN-based precursor solution to a spinneret and then performing an electro-spinning operation on the PAN-based precursor solution to create the one or more PAN-based nanofibers. The electro-spinning operation includes passing the PAN-based precursor solution from the spinneret to a collector at a distance between 1 cm to 30 cm while providing an Alternating Current (AC) voltage between the spinneret and the collector, the AC voltage including a frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 100,000 Hz and either a Peak-to-Peak (P-P) voltage ranging from 100 V to 30,000 V or a Root-Mean-Square (RMS) voltage ranging from 100 V to 30,000 V. Afterwards, post-electro-spinning operations, stabilizing treatments and pyrolysis treatments are performed.

One aspect of the present application relates to a method of synthesizing a thermoplastic polymer. This method includes providing a depolymerized lignin product comprising monomers and oligomers and producing lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers from the depolymerized lignin product. A thermoplastic lignin (meth)acrylate polymer is then formed by free radical polymerization of the lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers. The present application also relates to a branched chain thermoplastic lignin (meth)acrylate polymer which includes a chain transfer agent. The thermoplastic lignin based polymers of the present application can be used to prepare carbon fibers, and engineering thermoplastics. Mixtures of lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers are also disclosed.

One aspect of the present application relates to a method of synthesizing a thermoplastic polymer. This method includes providing a depolymerized lignin product comprising monomers and oligomers and producing lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers from the depolymerized lignin product. A thermoplastic lignin (meth)acrylate polymer is then formed by free radical polymerization of the lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers. The present application also relates to a branched chain thermoplastic lignin (meth)acrylate polymer which includes a chain transfer agent. The thermoplastic lignin based polymers of the present application can be used to prepare carbon fibers, and engineering thermoplastics. Mixtures of lignin (meth)acrylate monomers and oligomers are also disclosed.

A method of manufacturing a graphene fiber is provided. The method includes preparing a source solution including graphene oxide, supplying the source solution into a base solution containing a foreign element to form a graphene oxide fiber, separating the graphene fiber from the base solution and cleaning and drying to obtain the graphene oxide fiber containing the foreign element, and performing thermal treatment to the dried graphene oxide fiber containing the foreign element to form a graphene fiber doped with the foreign element. Elongation percentage of the graphene fiber is adjusted by concentration and spinning rate of the source solution.