A process is provided of yarn spinning and/or twisting, in which a yarn runs between a yarn feeder towards a yarn picker. A driver rotates the yarn picker at a predetermined speed, in which a stretch of balloon is generated in a point located between the yarn feeder and the yarn picker by the presence of a ring. A helical path with oscillating spiral diameters exists between the yarn feeder and the yarn picker, so that the path of the yarn through the ring, creates a body of revolution from a diameter generating a balloon that has at least a hyperboloid structure forming at least two stretches of balloons consecutive to each other. A machine for performing the process is also provided.

A process is provided of yarn spinning and/or twisting, in which a yarn runs between a yarn feeder towards a yarn picker. A driver rotates the yarn picker at a predetermined speed, in which a stretch of balloon is generated in a point located between the yarn feeder and the yarn picker by the presence of a ring. A helical path with oscillating spiral diameters exists between the yarn feeder and the yarn picker, so that the path of the yarn through the ring, creates a body of revolution from a diameter generating a balloon that has at least a hyperboloid structure forming at least two stretches of balloons consecutive to each other. A machine for performing the process is also provided.

Staple fibers and compositions formed from staple fibers are disclosed herein. The fibers are functionalized with molecules that render fabrics comprising the disclosed fibers hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and/or release molecules upon exposure to an external stimulus. Also presented are methods of synthesizing the same and a fabric comprising woven yarns including the staple fiber.

Staple fibers and compositions formed from staple fibers are disclosed herein. The fibers are functionalized with molecules that render fabrics comprising the disclosed fibers hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and/or release molecules upon exposure to an external stimulus. Also presented are methods of synthesizing the same and a fabric comprising woven yarns including the staple fiber.

A device as well as a method for determining the diameter of a yarn balloon (B) formed by a continuous yarn at a workstation (1) of a yarn balloon forming textile machine. The workstation (1) comprises an electromagnetically functioning sensor means (33), designed and arranged in such a way that at least two interruptions of a measuring beam (42) of the sensor means (33) are caused by the yarn (5, 25) forming the yarn balloon (B) during every rotation of the yarn balloon (B) during the operation of the workstation (1), and in that the time interval between the interruptions of the measuring beam (42) can be recorded by the sensor means (33) and used for calculating the diameter of the yarn balloon (B).

A spinning device, for a ring spinning or ring twisting machine, having a spinning spindle for holding a yarn tube such that the yarn tube is oriented coaxial with a spindle axis, a spinning ring for guiding, on the outside thereof, a yarn to be wound on the yarn tube, the spinning ring being arranged coaxial with the spindle axis, and a spinning-ring guiding unit arranged coaxial with the spindle axis, wherein the spinning ring is floatingly fixed at the spinning-ring guiding unit in the spindle-axis direction. In order to provide a spinning device and a spinning machine having a spinning device which allow a spinning process to be reliably performed without limitation of the spindle speed and without use of a ring traveller, a balloon limiter tube is arranged coaxial with the spindle axis such that the yarn is guided on an inner face of the balloon limiter tube.

A method for transforming a yarn spinning and/or twisting machine and the yarn spinning and/or twisting machine modified according to the method to increase the height (h) of the balloon region zone (a), between the upper and lower ends thereof is provided. In order to provide the zone with two or more balloon regions (a), with means for feeding (1) the thread (2) using conventional upper guides (3), and means for tensing (4) and rolling (5) the thread (2) onto a lower collection reel (6), includes elimination of the conventional guide means (3); and the incorporation of an additional guide accessory (3′) immediately after the feed means (1), including for example, of a clip (30) or a set of rollers (32) optionally with a conveyor belt (33).

A method for transforming a yarn spinning and/or twisting machine and the yarn spinning and/or twisting machine modified according to the method to increase the height (h) of the balloon region zone (a), between the upper and lower ends thereof is provided. In order to provide the zone with two or more balloon regions (a), with means for feeding (1) the thread (2) using conventional upper guides (3), and means for tensing (4) and rolling (5) the thread (2) onto a lower collection reel (6), includes elimination of the conventional guide means (3); and the incorporation of an additional guide accessory (3′) immediately after the feed means (1), including for example, of a clip (30) or a set of rollers (32) optionally with a conveyor belt (33).

A spinning device, for a ring spinning or ring twisting machine, having a spinning spindle for holding a yarn tube such that the yarn tube is oriented coaxial with a spindle axis, a spinning ring for guiding, on the outside thereof, a yarn to be wound on the yarn tube, the spinning ring being arranged coaxial with the spindle axis, and a spinning-ring guiding unit arranged coaxial with the spindle axis, wherein the spinning ring is floatingly fixed at the spinning-ring guiding unit in the spindle-axis direction. In order to provide a spinning device and a spinning machine having a spinning device which allow a spinning process to be reliably performed without limitation of the spindle speed and without use of a ring traveller, a balloon limiter tube is arranged coaxial with the spindle axis such that the yarn is guided on an inner face of the balloon limiter tube.

A process of yarn spinning and/or twisting, in which a yarn runs between a yarn feeding means (1) towards a yarn picking means is provided. A driving means rotates the yarn picking means at a predetermined speed, in which a stretch of balloon is generated in a point located between the feeding means (1) and the picking means by the presence of twisting means. A helical path with oscillating spiral diameters exists between the yarn feeding means (1) and the yarn picking means, so that the path of the yarn, by the operation of the twisting means, creates a body of revolution from a diameter generating a balloon that has at least a hyperboloid structure (E) forming at least two stretches of balloons (B) consecutive to each other. A machine for performing the process is also provided.