This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lyocell material for a cigarette filter, including (S1) spinning a lyocell spinning dope composed of 8 to 13 wt % of a cellulose pulp and 87 to 92 wt % of an N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) aqueous solution; (S2) coagulating the lyocell spinning dope spun in (S1), thus obtaining a lyocell multifilament; (S3) water-washing the lyocell multifilament obtained in (S2); (S4) oiling the lyocell multifilament water-washed in (S3); and (S5) applying steam and pressure to the lyocell multifilament obtained in (S4), thus obtaining a crimped tow having 30 to 40 crimps per inch.

A crimper (1) includes: a pair of nip rolls (2) including respective peripheral surfaces between which conveyed filaments (11) pass; a first member (6) and a second member (7) including contact surfaces (6a, 7a) that come into contact with the filaments and being disposed on a downstream side of the pair of nip rolls in a conveyance direction of the filaments, the respective contact surfaces being disposed facing each other across a gap; and a pressing member (5) disposed in the gap and configured to press the filaments toward the contact surface of any of the first member and the second member. A surface roughness Ra of the contact surfaces is set to a value in a range of from 0.1 to 1.0.

A crimper (1) includes: a pair of nip rolls (2) including respective peripheral surfaces between which conveyed filaments (11) pass; a first member (6) and a second member (7) including contact surfaces (6a, 7a) that come into contact with the filaments and being disposed on a downstream side of the pair of nip rolls in a conveyance direction of the filaments, the respective contact surfaces being disposed facing each other across a gap; and a pressing member (5) disposed in the gap and configured to press the filaments toward the contact surface of any of the first member and the second member. A surface roughness Ra of the contact surfaces is set to a value in a range of from 0.1 to 1.0.

A plurality of colored filament bundles are initially extruded separately, cooled and each combined into a partial thread. The partial threads are then separately pre-swirled and stretched individually or as a partial composite thread formed from a plurality of partial threads. Crimping then occurs. After the crimping, the partial threads and the partial composite thread are combined into a composite thread and wound into a coil. In accordance with certain techniques, a melt spinning apparatus has a pre-swirling apparatus having a plurality of swirling nozzles, a post-swirling device having a plurality of post-swirling nozzles and a crimping device having a plurality of texturing nozzles, wherein the nozzles are designed such that an individual partial thread or a partial composite thread formed from a plurality of partial threads can optionally be processed.

A plurality of colored filament bundles are initially extruded separately, cooled and each combined into a partial thread. The partial threads are then separately pre-swirled and stretched individually or as a partial composite thread formed from a plurality of partial threads. Crimping then occurs. After the crimping, the partial threads and the partial composite thread are combined into a composite thread and wound into a coil. In accordance with certain techniques, a melt spinning apparatus has a pre-swirling apparatus having a plurality of swirling nozzles, a post-swirling device having a plurality of post-swirling nozzles and a crimping device having a plurality of texturing nozzles, wherein the nozzles are designed such that an individual partial thread or a partial composite thread formed from a plurality of partial threads can optionally be processed.

A macro-synthetic fiber includes three or more partially fused filaments made of a polymer composition including at least one polypropylene, wherein the fiber has a multi-lobal cross-sectional shape with three or more lobes. A method produces macro-synthetic fibers, a cementitious material includes a binder and macro-synthetic fibers, and a method for forming a concrete surface uses a concrete mixture modified with the macro-synthetic fibers.

A macro-synthetic fiber includes three or more partially fused filaments made of a polymer composition including at least one polypropylene, wherein the fiber has a multi-lobal cross-sectional shape with three or more lobes. A method produces macro-synthetic fibers, a cementitious material includes a binder and macro-synthetic fibers, and a method for forming a concrete surface uses a concrete mixture modified with the macro-synthetic fibers.

A polyethylene terephthalate bulked continuous filament is manufactured by steps of melt-spinning, multi-step stretching a polyethylene terephthalate chip and a master batch chip for coloring, passing through a texturing nozzle, cooling, and winding and has an elastic modulus of 1.00E+07 to 5.00E+09 Pa at a temperature range of 10° C. to 200° C., the filament being manufactured by steps of melt-spinning a polyethylene terephthalate chip and a master batch chip for coloring, multi-step stretching, passing through a texturing nozzle, cooling, and winding.

The invention provides for a method of delaying and reducing texture reversion of a textured artificial turf yarn (145), characterized by using a stretched and textured monofilament yarn as the textured artificial turf yarn, the stretched and textured monofilament yarn comprising a polymer mixture (400, 500), wherein the polymer mixture is at least a three-phase system, wherein the polymer mixture comprises a first polymer (402), a second polymer (404), and a compatibilizer (406), wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are immiscible, wherein the first polymer forms polymer beads (408) surrounded by the compatibilizer within the second polymer.

The invention provides for a method of delaying and reducing texture reversion of a textured artificial turf yarn (145), characterized by using a stretched and textured monofilament yarn as the textured artificial turf yarn, the stretched and textured monofilament yarn comprising a polymer mixture (400, 500), wherein the polymer mixture is at least a three-phase system, wherein the polymer mixture comprises a first polymer (402), a second polymer (404), and a compatibilizer (406), wherein the first polymer and the second polymer are immiscible, wherein the first polymer forms polymer beads (408) surrounded by the compatibilizer within the second polymer.