Various embodiments disclosed relate to an aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion includes a plurality of particles. Each of the particles includes a polycarbonate component. Individual particles of the polycarbonate component have substantially the same size. The dispersion further includes a plasticizer component and a surfactant component. In an embodiment, a sized carbon fiber tow can comprise: a polycarbonate sizing on a carbon fiber tow, wherein the polycarbonate sizing has a concentration of volatile organic compounds less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm, or less than 2 ppm; and an average sizing content of at least 0.5 wt % of the carbon fiber tow with a coefficient of variation less than 15%, preferably less than 11%.

The invention provides a flame retardant for a polyester based synthetic fiber structure comprising aminopentaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, and a flame retardant treatment agent for a polyester based synthetic fiber structure comprising the flame retardant dispersed in a solvent in the presence of a surfactant.

The present invention teaches an antimony free brominated flame retardant composition, comprising a brominated flame retardant, an organic phosphorus-containing flame retardant which is an organic phosphate that is either an amorphous solid or a liquid, and a flame retardant which is a source of nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus, this source being amorphous compound. The invention further teaches textile coating formulations comprising these compositions, a process for applying them on textile fabrics, and the flame retarded fabrics coated by these compositions and formulations.

The present invention teaches an antimony free brominated flame retardant composition, comprising a brominated flame retardant, an organic phosphorus-containing flame retardant which is an organic phosphate that is either an amorphous solid or a liquid, and a flame retardant which is a source of nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus, this source being amorphous compound. The invention further teaches textile coating formulations comprising these compositions, a process for applying them on textile fabrics, and the flame retarded fabrics coated by these compositions and formulations.

The present invention relates to a flame retardant composition, including: at least one phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2); a cationic surfactant; and a nonionic surfactant: ##STR00001##
in the formula (1), A represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, n represents a number of from 1 to 10, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; ##STR00002##
in the formula (2), R.sup.9 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and r.sup.1, r.sup.2, and r.sup.3 each independently represent a number of 1 or 0.

The present invention relates to a flame retardant composition, including: at least one phosphorus compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (2); a cationic surfactant; and a nonionic surfactant: ##STR00001##
in the formula (1), A represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, n represents a number of from 1 to 10, and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; ##STR00002##
in the formula (2), R.sup.9 to R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and r.sup.1, r.sup.2, and r.sup.3 each independently represent a number of 1 or 0.

The invention relates to novel and improved halogen-free flame retardant compounds having the structure of Formula (I): wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, P(O)(OR.sup.3).sub.2, P(O)OR.sup.3R.sup.4, or P(O)R.sup.3.sub.2, wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.15 alkaryl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together form an unsaturated cyclic ring, which is optionally substituted by an alkyl group; each k is independently an integer from 1 to 2; each X is independently oxygen (O) or sulphur (S); v is 0 or 1; each Y is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.6 arylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 alkarylene, oxygen (O), nitrogen (NR), wherein R is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that n is 1 when Y is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (NR); each Z is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.6 arylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkylene or C.sub.7-C.sub.15 is alkarylene; m is independently 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that when Y is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N), m cannot be 0; each Q is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene; t is an integer from 1 to 2; W is oxygen (O) or sulphur (S). The compounds are particularly suited as flame retardant additives for thermoplastic polyesters.

The invention relates to novel and improved halogen-free flame retardant compounds having the structure of Formula (I): wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, P(O)(OR.sup.3).sub.2, P(O)OR.sup.3R.sup.4, or P(O)R.sup.3.sub.2, wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.15 alkaryl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together form an unsaturated cyclic ring, which is optionally substituted by an alkyl group; each k is independently an integer from 1 to 2; each X is independently oxygen (O) or sulphur (S); v is 0 or 1; each Y is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.6 arylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 alkarylene, oxygen (O), nitrogen (NR), wherein R is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that n is 1 when Y is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (NR); each Z is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.6 arylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkylene or C.sub.7-C.sub.15 is alkarylene; m is independently 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that when Y is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N), m cannot be 0; each Q is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene; t is an integer from 1 to 2; W is oxygen (O) or sulphur (S). The compounds are particularly suited as flame retardant additives for thermoplastic polyesters.

The present invention teaches an antimony free brominated flame retardant composition, comprising a brominated flame retardant, an organic phosphorus-containing flame retardant which is an organic phosphate that is either an amorphous solid or a liquid, and a flame retardant which is a source of nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus, this source being amorphous compound. The invention further teaches textile coating formulations comprising these compositions, a process for applying them on textile fabrics, and the flame retarded fabrics coated by these compositions and formulations.

The invention relates to novel and improved halogen-free flame retardant compounds having the structure of Formula (I): wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl, P(O)(OR.sup.3).sub.2, P(O)OR.sup.3R.sup.4, or P(O)R.sup.3.sub.2, wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.12 aryl, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.15 alkaryl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 taken together form an unsaturated cyclic ring, which is optionally substituted by an alkyl group; each k is independently an integer from 1 to 2; each X is independently oxygen (O) or sulphur (S); v is 0 or 1; each Y is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.6 arylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 alkarylene, oxygen (O), nitrogen (NR), wherein R is H or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that n is 1 when Y is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (NR); each Z is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene, C.sub.6 arylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.15 aralkylene or C.sub.7-C.sub.15 is alkarylene; m is independently 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that when Y is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N), m cannot be 0; each Q is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylene; t is an integer from 1 to 2; W is oxygen (O) or sulphur (S). The compounds are particularly suited as flame retardant additives for thermoplastic polyesters.